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Open Access Article
1 - Spatial Developments of Sirjan During Islamic Period Based on the Archaeological Evidences and the Written Historical Resources
hasan karimian Ahmad pourahmad Zeinab AfzaliOne of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed MoreOne of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed information about Sirjan during the period; however, issues such as formation, development and decline, and settlements in different periods, as well as the social structure and the economic and cultural activities of the inhabitants have remained mostly neglected, which calls for archaeological studies and evidence. Despite its importance in the Islamic period, Sirjan has received little attention from archaeologists, and there are many uncertainties about its formation and relocations in different periods. Surprisingly, there is no archaeological information about the city even from an period as recent as the Safavid period. This study attempts to examine the process of Sirjan’s formation, development, and decline during the Islamic period, using written historical sources and archaeological evidence obtained in field research. The study also tries to explore the city’s site selection during the Islamic period and the causes of these relocations from an archaeological viewpoint, using archaeological excavations in Sirjan plain and analysis of the resulting data. The finding of the present study indicated that Sirjan, which was one of the strategic centers in southeastern Iran during the historical period, flourished in the early Islamic centuries and was of great importance as the center of Kerman province for several centuries. However, the city declined and was later abandoned in the late Seljuk period until Ghal’eh Sang gradually replaced the Shahre Qhadem. Evidence also showed that Ghal’eh Sang was the most important settlement in the Sirjan plain from the 13th to the late 15th century. After the destruction of the castle by the Aq Qoyunlu rulers in the late 15th century, this area lost its appeal and was replaced by Bagh Bamid Garden. During the Safavid period, Bagh Bamid was the most important settlement on the Sirjan plain. However, the governor’s seat and the urban center were transferred to Sa’iid Abad after its development and expansion. Manuscript profile
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