Representation of Spiritual Values in Islamic Architecture Focusing on Living Space

perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282024-101453120articleRepresentation of Spiritual Values in Islamic Architecture Focusing on Living Spacemohammad sharifanisharifani40@yahoo.com1mohammad marefatm.marefat@iau-tnb.ac.ir2Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Education, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Representation of Spiritual Values in Islamic   Architecture Focusing on Living Space       Mohammad Sharifani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>    Mohammad Marefat<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Extended Abstract   The main subject: An analytical look at spiritual values and capacities in Islamic architecture with a focus on living space.   teachings.       The main objective: The architecture and city of every society consists of a set of elements and activities that are created based on the concepts and values believed by that society in such a way that they can help the society in achieving its life goals. Since architecture plays a serious, vital and effective role in the Islamic style and way of life, the purpose of this article is to extract and apply spiritual concepts from Islamic sources that can be used in the direction of architectural design and cause its excellence and promote style and style. It provides life in the light of Islamic teachings.   Methods: This research, using the exploratory method and descriptive-analytical approach and using library tools, has investigated and analyzed the spiritual values effective in architectural design and the Islamic city in the society of living spaces in Iran, their extraction and manifestation in the field method.   Findings: What and how to show and manifest values and concepts such as "Remembering God", "Oneness and sharing God", "Hearfulness and humility", "Avoidance of extravagance and luxury", "Reason and thinking", "Hijab and privacy", " Modesty" and "ethical virtues" as well as "avoidance of sensual desires", "preserving and manifesting Islamic rituals" and "avoidance of promoting disbelief" in Iranian Islamic architecture are among the spiritual capacities found in Islamic sources and the findings of this research.   Conclusions: Benefiting from the semantic features and examining the capacities of Islamic thinking and their application in architectural design, such as the mention of God in the inscriptions at the entrances of mosques and houses, the central role of the mosque in Islamic urban planning, the short height of the entrances and the lowering of the interior ceiling of the building, which is a manifestation of the sense of strain, can make the architect It will be beneficial in reaching the desired and sublime design and as a result, it will provide a suitable platform for the perception of the audience and the propagation and promotion of spiritual thought through architecture.       Keywords: Spiritual value, architecture, Islamic architecture, Islamic resources, living space.       Introduction   Historically, architecture is considered the first art that was able to adapt itself to Islamic concepts, and was welcomed by Muslims. The favor of Muslims towards this art caused it to include religious and religious concepts as the only Islamic art for many years. After the rise of Islam, Muslim architects tried to present art that was formed from their beliefs; Therefore, in their works, they used the spiritual capacities available in Islamic sources. By using these capacities, which included divine messages, Muslim architects tried to use their works as a medium for spiritual elevation and spiritual progress towards the divine kingdom. Its manifestations can be seen in mosques, schools, tombs, baths, forts and markets. The appearance of Islamic thoughts, beliefs and values in the bricks and corners of this architecture is another part of the manifestation of the essence of the Almighty in the life of a Muslim. The fundamental concepts and theoretical foundations of architecture derived from the Qur'an and the manifestation of the Qur'anic culture in the history of Islamic architecture have been a manifestation of the Muslim architects' understanding of the interaction between architecture and culture. This article seeks to answer the question of what is the role of spiritual values in Islamic architecture and how can they be manifested in architecture and urban planning? Therefore, architectural capacities have been examined in the light of Islamic thought. The purpose of this research is to extract and express the spiritual capacities found in religious sources and their realization and manifestation in Islamic architecture and urban planning, and since Islamic urban planning is one of the essentials of creating an Islamic life, the findings of this article are aimed at improving the architecture of the residential space. will be used.       Research method   In this article, using the exploratory method and the descriptive-analytical approach, and using library tools, the capacities and spiritual values that are effective in the design of architecture and the Islamic city in the society of living spaces in Iran, their extraction, manifestation and presentation are examined in the field method. The analysis is done.       Discussion and Conclusion   Islamic architecture derived from diverse spiritual capacities and values can help in providing a suitable context and model for the promotion and dissemination of Islamic culture. In this type of architecture, every element evokes and illuminates thought and leads people towards spirituality. Simplicity and impartiality, avoiding unnecessary complexity and attracting attention, reviving and preserving the heritage of the past, compatibility with national, local and religious culture, paying attention to inner affairs while beauty and art, balance in form and compatibility with human nature, while diversity and Dynamics, prevention of distortion, humiliation and weakening of religion through architecture, attention and non-compliance with western style, symbols and methods in urban planning, architecture, decoration and interior design are among the results of this research. By relying on his experiences, thoughts, creativity and aesthetic spirit on the one hand, and the manifestation of spirituality and sacred concepts on the other hand, by creating an original work full of spiritual concepts and themes, in a material space and structure, a Muslim architect can succeed in to guide today's confused man to his destination through architecture and urban planning; Therefore, considering the richness of religious and spiritual teachings derived from Islamic sources, it is suggested that those involved in the field of architecture and urban planning in our country should make more and more serious efforts to recognize the capacities and spiritual values and make policies in this direction in order to achieve the desired design of various places.       References   Iman Talab, Hamed and Samieh Garami (2012) "The ratio of meaning and form, matching the thought of mosque architecture and the morphology of prayer", two-quarter journal of Islamic Art Studies, vol. 16, pp. 77-88.   <a name="_2._Dehkhoda_A."></a>Agha Sharifian Esfahani, Mehrdad (2017) "Comparative study of the principle of modesty in Islamic teachings and traditional architecture", Research Journal of Ethics Quarterly, 11(40), pp. 26-7.   <a name="_3._Fazeli_Biarjomandi"></a>Agha Sharifian Esfahani, Mehrdad (2017) "Comparative study of the principle of modesty in Islamic teachings and traditional architecture", Research Journal of Ethics Quarterly, 11(40), pp. 26-7.   <a name="_4._Majlesi_M."></a>Pirbabaei, Mohammad Taqi and others (2016) "A comparative study of the place of man in architecture with an epistemological approach from the perspective of reasoning in the historical and contemporary mosques of Tabriz city", bimonthly research in art and human sciences, Vol. 4.   <a name="_5._Tabatabayi_S."></a><a name="_6._Gharaati_M."></a><a name="_7._Makarem_Shirazi"></a>Danaineya, Ahmed and Mehrnaz Totunchi (2016) "Architecture Link and Islamic Ethical Behavior", Islamic Architecture and Urban Culture Journal, 3(2), 1-16.   Shakri, Musa and Mohammadreza Bamanian and Mojtabi Ansari (2017) Manifestation of Zikr in the space of Islamic-Iranian architecture through evangelism and warning; Case example: Mosques of Islamic architecture in Iran, Naqsh Jahan, 8(2), pp. 71-79.   Kazemi, Seyyed Mohammad and Hossein Kalantari, Khalilabad (2010) Spiritual messaging tools in mosque architecture with an emphasis on the role of Islamic ideology. Iranian Islamic City Studies, 2(6), pp. 41-46.   Mahdavinejad, Mohammad Javad (2013) The Wisdom of Islamic Architecture, Searching in the Deep Spiritual Constructions of Iranian Islamic Architecture, Fine Arts, Vol. 19, pp. 57-66.   Majidi, Mahsa and Mansour Saberi Moghadam and Farah Habib (2019) Values and trends of Islamic philosophy on Safavid residential architecture (Case study: New Safavid Jolfa houses), Islamic Art Studies, 16(37).   Mahdinejad, Jamaluddin, Hamidreza Azmati, and Ali Sadeghi, Habibabad (2018) Strategic explanation of the components of spiritual sense in the architecture of mosques in Iran, National Studies, Volume 20, 2(78), pp. 77-94.   Marefat, Mohammad (1400) Sharia Regulations of Building and Engineers, Qom, Khadim al-Reza (a.s.).   Nari Qomi, Masoud (2016) Islamic architectural theory or Islamic theory of architecture: a critique on the Islamic authenticity of theoretical and practical approaches in the contemporary era, Architectural Culture and Islamic Urbanism, 3(2), pp. 17-31.   Naghizadeh, Mohammad (1385) Islamic architecture and urban planning (theoretical foundations), Isfahan, Rahian.     <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. sharifani40@yahoo.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** </a>Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Education, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. m.marefat@iau-tn.ac.ir </div> </div>  http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/45715Spiritual value architecture Islamic architecture Islamic resources living space.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282024-1014532137articleExplaining and Evaluating the Indicators and Components of Tehran City Governance ModelBehrouz BadkooBADKOO87@GMAIL.COM1Mohammad ghasemisianighasemi_siani@yahoo.com2Ali Ranjbarakia.ranjbaraki@gmail.com3Assistant Professor of Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. Research Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Management, Research Institute of Humanities and Social Studies (IHSS), Tehran, Iran. 0Research Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Research Institute of Humanities and Social Studies (IHSS), Tehran, Iran. Explaining and Evaluating the Indicators and   Components of Tehran City Governance Model   <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: right; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;" align="right">    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: right; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;" align="right">Behroz Badko<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">*</a>   <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: right; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;" align="right"> Mohammad Ghasemi Siani**   <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: right; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;" align="right"> Ali Ranjbaraki***   The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of compliance of the current urban governance system of Tehran with the desired governance system that is in line with the vision and strategies determined in the statement of the second step of the revolution. This research is in terms of practical purpose and the method of collecting documentary-survey information. The statistical population is the experts and administrators of Tehran municipality and the number of statistical samples was 185 people. The results obtained in this research show that in the current state of Tehran municipality management, out of the eight governance components according to the statement of the second step of the revolution, the components of leadership and Jahad movement and the component of transparency and control of corruption are at the highest level. The two components of participation and legalism have the lowest degree of compliance in Tehran's urban management with governance according to the statement.       Keywords: Urban Governance System, Declaration of the second step of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Evaluation of Urban Management.       Introduction:   Success in governance and implementation of a suitable and desirable governance system is one of the basic requirements for the progress and development of the country or organization. The occurrence of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic led to the formation of a unique governance model in Iran. In this governance model, Islamic rules and principles are emphasized along with the participation and cooperation of the general public. With the passage of more than forty years of the Islamic Revolution, the vision and path of the revolution for the coming years have been explained in the document of the second step statement. In this document, the next stages of the Islamic revolution, self-improvement, socialization and civilization are introduced. The national and local governance system is one of the main and key drivers of socialization and civilization building. The city of Tehran can be an exemplary and successful model in explaining and implementing the appropriate and desirable model of the urban governance system. Accordingly, the main questions of this article are:   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">·                     What are the principles and criteria of the urban governance system according to the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution?   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">·                     What is the current situation of Tehran's urban management in the field of governance criteria according to the statement of the second step of the revolution?   Research Method:   In this research, first, the dimensions of the optimal urban governance system were explained according to the principles and strategies proposed in the second step statement. For this purpose, in-depth specialized interviews were conducted with academic and seminary intellectuals and elites, expert and senior managers, policy makers and planners of Tehran city. The number of the statistical sample of the qualitative part of the study until reaching theoretical saturation was 14 people, which was done by the selected and snowball sampling method. The analysis of the information collected in the interviews has been done with thematic analysis qualitative method. In the next step, using the obtained indicators, a research questionnaire was designed and surveyed in the statistical population. The statistical population of the research field survey was 185 experts and urban managers in the eight vice-chancellors of Tehran municipality.       Results:   The analysis of documentary and qualitative information collected through expert interviews shows that the optimal governance system according to the statement of the second step of the revolution has eight main criteria (main themes) and 33 indicators (sub-themes). The findings of the expert interviews of this study show that the eight main dimensions of the framework of the urban governance system fit the statement of the second step of the revolution, including participation, development capacity building, accountability and responsibility, transparency and corruption control, rule of law, efficiency and effectiveness, leadership and jihad movement, and fairness and justice. Measuring the indicators of the eight main components of the governance system according to the statement of the second step in the eight vice-chancellors of Tehran Municipality using a questionnaire shows that the components of the urban governance system according to the statement of the second step of the revolution in Tehran's urban management are not in a favorable and suitable condition.       Table 1- Evaluation of urban governance indicators in urban management of Tehran   <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 444.85pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black;" border="1" width="593" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> Rank </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Component </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> T statistic with an average of 2/5 and a confidence level of 95% </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> The difference with the average </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 1 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Leadership and Jihad Movement </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 14/441 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 3/25 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 2 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Transparency and Corruption control </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 15/928 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 2/96 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 3 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Effectiveness and Influence </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 16/256 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 2/15 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 4 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Fairness and Justice </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 17/452 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 1/96 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 5 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Capacity building for Development </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 18/32 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 1/88 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 6 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Participation </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 18/88 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 1/8 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 7 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Accountability and Responsibility </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 19/14 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 1/75 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="width: 40.85pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="54"> 8 </td> <td style="width: 193.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="257"> Rule of law </td> <td style="width: 112.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="151"> 21/84 </td> <td style="width: 98.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="131"> 1/7 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>                                                                                                                           As can be seen, the two components of leadership and jihadi movement and transparency and control of corruption are in a better situation with the index of the largest difference with the average, and the component of legalism is in an unfavorable situation.       Discussion and Conclusion:   The governance model according to the statement of the second step of the revolution includes a set of principles, framework and processes that lead to the improvement of municipal functions in a coordinated and systematic system. The principles include the foundations and the intellectual and philosophical foundation of the model of governance according to the statement of the second step of the revolution. The model framework includes a set of organizational and institutional factors and elements for formulation, design, implementation and monitoring in the system, which include missions, goals, strategies and organizational and institutional policies in the municipality. Model processes also include measures and activities in cases such as measurement, evaluation, monitoring and analysis in the system. Based on what was identified as the principles and framework of the governance model according to the statement of the second step, it can be said that the ultimate goal of the urban governance system is to build the ground and capacity for the development and deepening of rationality and self-cultivation, the development of morals and religious spirituality, human excellence and happiness, material and spiritual perfection. And the expansion of the Islamic lifestyle is accompanied by vitality and safety. In this governance system, the relationship between the government and the people, maximizing the participation of citizens and using their opinions in the areas of decision-making and decision-making and creating suitable conditions for human development and excellence is one of the main pillars and dimensions. Accordingly, in the field of supervision and control of activities, the development of public institutions seems necessary, and in order to improve the level of performance and legitimacy of the urban governance system, it is necessary to comprehensively fight against rent and corruption and increase public trust.       References:   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -17.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right 417.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 25.5pt;">Dalton, R. J. (1996) Citizen politics: Public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -17.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right 417.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 25.5pt;">Keating, M. (1991) Comparative urban politics. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -17.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right 417.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 25.5pt;">Parkinson, M. (1990) Leadership and regeneration in Liverpool: Confession, confrontation, or coalition? In Leadership and urban regeneration, edited by D. Judd and M. Parkinson, 241-57. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -17.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right 417.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 25.5pt;">Peters B. G. (1996) The future of governing: Four emerging models. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -17.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right 417.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 25.5pt;">Pollitt, C. (1990) Managerialism in the public service. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -17.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right 417.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 25.5pt;">Savitch, H. V. (1998) The ecology of public-private partnerships: Europe. In Partnerships in urban governance: European and American experiences, edited by J. Pierre, 175-86. London: Macmillan.             <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">*</a> Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. <a href="mailto:Badkoo87@gmail.com">Badkoo87@gmail.com</a> ** Research Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Management, Research Institute of Humanities and Social Studies (IHSS), Tehran, Iran.  <a href="mailto:Ghasemisiani@gmail.com">Ghasemisiani@gmail.com</a>. *** Research Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Research Institute of Humanities and Social Studies (IHSS), Tehran, Iran.  <a href="mailto:A.ranjbaraki@gmail.com">A.ranjbaraki@gmail.com</a> </div> </div>  http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/44077Urban Governance System Declaration of the second step of the Iranian Islamic Revolution Tehran Evaluation of Urban Management.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282024-1014533958articleContexts and Factors related to the Quality of Urban life in the Neighborhoods of One District of Tehran: The Application of a Multi-Level Modelhamid ramezanihramezani@outlook.com1ali hatamialihatami@ut.ac.ir2nader haghshenasnader.haghshenas@psri.ac.ir3Milad Tofangchi MahyariMilad.tofangchi@ut.ac.ir4.A of Academic Board of the Department of Architecture and Urban Landscape, Institute of Humanities and Social Studies Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. M.A of Academic Board of the Department of Cultural Sociology, Institute of Humanities and Social Studies, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Assistant Professor of Demography, Department of Population Economics and Human Capital, National Population Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.Doctoral researcher of urban planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.  Contexts and Factors related to the Quality of Urban    life in the Neighborhoods of One District of Tehran:   The Application of a Multi-Level Model                                                                                                   Hamid Ramezani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Ali Hatami<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Nader Moti Haqshanas<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   Milad Tofangchi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>       Research related to the quality of life has been raised as a new topic in social studies during the last fourteen decades of the 20th century in many countries. The concept of the quality of urban life today has gained traction in the schools of welfare and social justice, and in Iran since the past, various discussions and efforts have been made in the field of improving urban life quality. Therefore, in this article, using theoretical discussions and also the most important indicators in this field, the quality of life of the residents of the neighborhoods in One District of Tehran has been measured. In general, the purpose of this article is to investigate the contexts and factors related to the quality of life of the citizens of one district of Tehran, based on various indicators such as housing, transportation, security, health, and urban management. Quantitative research method and data were collected by survey method and then analyzed using HLM software with a multi-level approach. The findings of the research show that the quality of life of the residents of Region 1 varies at the neighborhood level. According to the findings, the neighborhoods of Naft, Jamaran, and Niavaran have the highest average quality of urban life, while the neighborhoods of Sohank, Derke, Zafaranieh, Darband, Evin, Gulabdara, and Mahmoudieh have the lowest average scores. Based on the differences between these neighborhoods, the findings indicate that objective variables such as age and education at level one, and subjective variables such as the feeling of social security at level two have a significant relationship with the dependent variable, i.e., quality of urban life.       Keywords: District 1, Multi-Level Approach, Neighborhood, Quality of Urban Life, Sense of Security, Tehran.       Introduction:   Quality of life is a different concept that has various definitions across different bodies of knowledge. Sociocultural environment and built environment characteristics affect people's perception of quality of life. However, there is no consensus on its definition (Serag El Din, H.; Shalaby, 2013: 9). Several studies have discussed this conceptual diversity (Wesz, J.G.B.; Miron, 2023). Conceptually, quality of life is related to social ideas, environmental quality, poverty, social inequality, social fragility, social vulnerability, sustainable development, and sustainability. Consequently, quality of life indicators should be formulated based on this domain (Pereira, & Nahas, 2016: 2).   One of the most important issues related to the quality of life is finding the criteria and combining indicators to evaluate the level and measure changes in the quality of urban life. Among these, one of the criteria that can be used to measure the quality of life is the level of satisfaction of citizens with various indicators and variables, which can be said that the subjective dimension of the quality of life is considered in these studies. In the objective dimension, based on statistical data and related figures, the quality of urban life is calculated (Fani et al., 2014: 66).   With all the efforts made in recent years, the quality of life in Tehran shows its relatively good quality in the city's districts. In a general comparison, it should be said that the quality of life in the areas located in the north, north-central, and northeast of the city is in better condition. The quality of life is also good in the northwest and southeast. In the southwestern part of the city, the quality of life seems to be somewhat decent. Among the districts of Tehran, District 1 has the highest quality of life among the 22 districts of Tehran (quoted from Tehran City Atlas website). But considering that the region is one of the 24 neighborhoods, this article seeks to show the quality of life among the neighborhoods in this region.   This article intends to take a step towards answering the following questions with a problem-oriented approach:   • What are the influencing factors on the quality of urban life of the residents of different neighborhoods in one area of Tehran?   • At what level is the quality of urban life among the residents of different neighborhoods in one area of Tehran?   • What is the difference in the quality of urban life within and between neighborhoods? And finally, what effect do micro and macro-level variables have on the quality of urban life in the objective and subjective dimensions?   According to the investigations, in the current research, the following variables and indicators have been used to measure the quality of urban life of the residents of different neighborhoods in one area of Tehran city, and the relevant indicators and items have been questioned in each of them have been taken (Figure 1).     <img src="file:///C:\Users\Bayeh\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\03\clip_image001.gif" width="548" height="617" />                                                                                                                        Figure 1: Research concept consisting of evaluating the quality of urban life       Research method:   The current research is in the field of applied research in terms of its purpose, its nature, and research method, it is a descriptive-analytical research of the secondary analysis type. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the data of "Tehran Quality of Life Monitoring Survey" were used. The statistical population of the project consists of households living in the 1st district of Tehran (in 24 neighborhoods).   Various techniques are used to analyze multi-level data and since in multi-level analysis, choosing the right strategy depends on the questions and hypotheses of the research, after entering the information from the questionnaires into the SPSS software, to perform statistical tests and analyze the data from HLM software was used.   The questionnaire used in this study was compiled through consultation with specialists, experts, and city managers. In this questionnaire, household characteristics include gender, age, education, occupation, income, and place of birth of the head of the household. Also, information related to four dimensions (satisfaction with services and facilities of the neighborhood; satisfaction with movement and roads in the neighborhood; satisfaction with the health and environment of the neighborhood, and satisfaction with the relationships and social context of the neighborhood); The main index measures the quality of life as follows.       Table 1: Dimensions of the dependent variable   (quality of urban life) measured in the study       <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 12.5pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td style="width: 77.95pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="104"> Index </td> <td style="width: 209.3pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="279"> sub-indices </td> <td style="width: 74.2pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="99"> number of questions </td> <td style="width: 88.15pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="118"> alpha coefficient </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 11.55pt;"> <td style="width: 77.95pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.55pt;" rowspan="4" width="104"> Quality of urban life </td> <td style="width: 209.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.55pt;" width="279"> Satisfaction with neighborhood services and facilities </td> <td style="width: 74.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.55pt;" width="99"> 12 </td> <td style="width: 88.15pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.55pt;" rowspan="4" width="118"> 0.89 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="width: 209.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="279"> Satisfaction with movement and passages in the neighborhood </td> <td style="width: 74.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="99"> 8 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="width: 209.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="279"> Satisfaction with neighborhood  health and environment </td> <td style="width: 74.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="99"> 5 </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="width: 209.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="279"> Satisfaction with relationships and social fabric of the neighborhood </td> <td style="width: 74.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="99"> 4 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>       Findings:   The findings indicate that although the quality of life in Region 1 is in a better condition than other regions, there are differences among the localities of Region 1.   The findings of cross-class correlation in this study showed that 23% of the changes in the average score of the quality of life of the residents of the neighborhoods of District One of Tehran were affected by the macro variables (social, demographic, and economic level) and 77% of the changes were affected by the micro variables (individual level). Also, the regression model of random coefficients showed that there is a significant relationship between the individual level variables of age and education with the average urban quality of life score.   In the examination of the relationship between the average quality of urban life score and demographic and economic variables (housing) and social variables, it was found that there is a significant relationship between variables such as population size, year of building construction (oldness of housing), number of rooms, area of housing and ownership of housing with the average score. There is no quality of urban life. But in examining social variables, social capital (including the two dimensions of participation and social trust); and the feeling of security on the average quality of urban life, it was determined that only the variable of feeling of security can have an effect on the function variable. In the end, it can be said that the weak services and facilities and the unfavorable planning conditions governing the city of Tehran have been added to the reason that despite the fact that in the quality of urban life index, region one has a better situation than most of the 22 regions of Tehran, but the difference and inequality in The level of its localities can be observed.       Table 2: Scores obtained for the quality of urban   life index of the studied localities of the region       <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 16.7pt;"> <td style="width: 161.35pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.7pt;" width="215"> The level of quality of urban life </td> <td style="width: 300.75pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.7pt;" width="401"> Neighborhood ranking and Urban Life Quality score </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 16.95pt;"> <td style="width: 161.35pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.95pt;" width="215"> Level one (3 neighborhoods) The highest urban quality of life </td> <td style="width: 300.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.95pt;" width="401"> 1. Naft (77.9), 2. Jamaran (75.4), 3. Niavaran (70.6), </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 67.35pt;"> <td style="width: 161.35pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 67.35pt;" width="215"> Level two (14 neighborhoods) Average city life quality </td> <td style="width: 300.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 67.35pt;" width="401"> 4. Cheezer (67.5). 5. Azgol (66.8), 6. Hesarbuali (65.9), 7. Tajrish (65.5), 8. Danshgah (64.2), 9. Darabad (64.2), 10. Farmaniyeh (63.0), 11. Kashank (62.4), 12. Qaitariya (61.9), 13. Dezashib (61.8), 14. Hekmat (61.5), 15. Imamzadeh Qasem (61.5), 16. Araj (60.8), 17. Baghe Ferdous (60.1), </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 16.95pt;"> <td style="width: 161.35pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.95pt;" width="215"> Level three (7 neighborhoods) Low quality of urban life </td> <td style="width: 300.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.95pt;" width="401"> 18. Sohank (58.8), 19. (Darkeh (58.3), 20. Zafaranieh (58.2), 21. Darband (56.8), 22. Evin (54.4), 23. Gulabdere (54.0), 24. Mahmoudieh (46.9). </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>       Resources:   Feni, Zohra and et al. (2014). Measuring the quality of urban life with an emphasis on gender, case study: Qorve city. Scientific Quarterly of Urban Ecology Research, 6(12), 65-78.   Nahas, M.I.P.; Pereira, M.A.M.; de Avelar Esteves, O.; Gonçalves, É. Metodologia de construção do índice de qualidade de vida urbana dos municípios brasileiros (IQVU-BR). Anais , 1–20.   Serag El Din, H.; Shalaby, A.; Farouh, H.E.; Elariane, S.A. Principles of urban quality of life for a neighborhood. HBRC J. 2013, 9, 86–92.   Wesz, J.G.B.; Miron, L.I.G.; Delsante, I.; Tzortzopoulos, P. (2023). Urban Quality of Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Urban Sci., Vol, 7, No, 2. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020056">https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020056</a>.     <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* M.A of Academic Board of the Department of Architecture and Urban Landscape, Institute of Humanities and Social Studies Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. </a> Hramezani@outlook.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** Corresponding Author: M.A of Academic Board of the </a>Department of Cultural Sociology, Institute of Humanities and Social Studies, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.  <a href="mailto:Alihatami@ut.ac.ir">Alihatami@ut.ac.ir</a> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">*** Assistant Professor of Demography, Department of Population Economics and Human Capital, Na</a>tional Population Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.  <a href="mailto:nader.haghshenas@nipr.ac.ir">nader.haghshenas@nipr.ac.ir</a> </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">**** Doctoral researcher of urban planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. </a> <a href="mailto:Milad.tofangchi@ut.ac.ir">Milad.tofangchi@ut.ac.ir</a> </div> </div>  http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/42146District 1 Multi-Level Approach Neighborhood Quality of Urban Life Sense of Security Tehran.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282024-1014535974articleThe Effect of Biophilic Architecture on Physical-Environmental Resilience of Residential Complexes Case Example: Tehran International Residential TowerNeginsadat Moghadasinegin_moghadasi@yahoo.com1Marjan Khanmohammadikhanmohamadi.marjan@yahoo.com2Hamidreza saremisaremi@modares.ac.ir3mehdi haghighat binhaghighatbin@modares.ac.ir4PhD Student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning and Urban Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Associate professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The Effect of Biophilic Architecture on Physical-Environmental   Resilience of Residential Complexes Case Example:   Tehran International Residential Tower                                                                                          Negin Sadat Moghadasi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>    Marjan Khanmohamadi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>    Hamidreza Saremi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>,    Mahdi Haghighatbin<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>       In the new designs of the complexes, an attempt is made to use nature-friendly architectural patterns such as biophilic architecture in order to make the living space more desirable. In this research, the main goal is to improve the resilience of residential complexes using biophilic architectural patterns. The method of this research is a descriptive-analytical type, which was assessed through a questionnaire from residents and businesses. The findings show that the most important influencing components in physical-environmental resilience include "open spaces", "land-substrate and density", "access", "green spaces", "facilities and buildings", "property of uses". and "thermal comfort".The results of the questionnaires were analyzed with Python analysis, and as a result, biophilic design patterns and solutions that this approach, such as the use of green space, water, thermal balance, modification of climatic conditions, paying attention to the role of plants and nature in buildings and so on. .. was suggested.       Keywords: physical-environmental resilience, residential tower, biophilic architecture, Tehran International Tower.       Introduction    The close relationship between man and nature is inevitable in the field of human life. The more man's control over nature has increased, this connection has become weaker; So that in today's world, many mental and psychological problems of humans are caused by this separation. Architects and designers of the modern era have made this relationship less by building environments far from nature. The problem of being away from nature can be seen in the current buildings of Tehran. Although these buildings were built at different times and with different motivations and in different patterns, but according to the economic, political and social conditions governing the society and the housing sector, they do not necessarily have all the criteria for creating a desirable residential environment (Azizi and Mohammadnejad, 2016). In traditional architecture, the building can be covered with plants to create a green building, but in biophilic architecture, such a thing cannot happen, in this architecture, the form (shape) must interpret a large process and have many objective and subjective parameters.   "14 Biophilic Design Patterns", proposes the relationships between nature, human biology and environmental design in such a way that biophilic human benefits are experienced in design applications. (Browning, Hon. AIA, 2014: 3). This research, with the aim of promoting biophilic resilience in residential complexes in Tehran, examines and studies the resilience index in the example of Tehran Tower residential complex based on the opinions of residents and based on biophilic architecture, and raises the following main question:   -How can the physical-environmental resilience of Tehran Tower residential complex be strengthened by using the principles and elements of biophilic architecture?   And other questions are as follows:   - What is the current level of resilience of Tehran Tower residential complex?   - What are the suggested models of biophilic architecture in strengthening physical-environmental resilience?       Research Methodology   The approach of this research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of method and nature. The methods of data collection at the macro level are through reference to scientific documents and texts. At the micro level, the method of experimental collection is the survey with questionnaire tools and mental maps of citizens and the collection of physical-environmental characteristics of the residential complex under study by trained researchers and observers. be The results of the questionnaire are determined by examining the results with existing theoretical foundations and Python analysis of the obtained data.       findings   By analyzing the results obtained from the questionnaires, it can be stated in Table 4:       Table 4: Physical-environmental resilience indicators   in the residential tower of Tehran Tower   <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 488.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black;" border="1" width="651" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Physical-environmental resilience indicators </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Response percentage </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> Check the answers </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> The state of the spaces (green space/open space) </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> The desirability of the spaces is 52.31% (high) / 34.62% (moderate) Favorability according to the year of construction 43.08% (high) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> Examining the answers shows that the desirability of the space has a direct and meaningful relationship with the continuation of residence, interest in residence and participation in meetings in this place. Also, in relation to the level of security and participation in meetings, it makes the spaces desirable, but it is average. - In relation to public spaces, such as green space, interior spaces, the entrance of the towers, all are in an average and favorable condition. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Incompatible uses </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Service centers 55.38% (moderate) / health and treatment centers 50.77% (high) Educational centers 56.15% (average) / uses inside the complex 52.31% (average) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> The answers show that the number of service uses in this complex is very low and according to the amount of residents of this tower, its uses are inconsistent. - The uses that exist in the complex have been able to respond to the needs of the residents of the complex to an average extent, the variety of these uses is very small and it meets a part of the basic needs. - The amount of variety of uses is very small considering the number of units in this complex. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Ground and density </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Built density 47.69% (low) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - The density built around the building is medium and low, and the entrance of the towers is in such a way that the density and the entrances are favorable; Because the area is completely private. The area intended for this complex is such that it provides enough space for the residents of the complex. - The streets around the complex have very low density in terms of density. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Building resistance </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> The desirability of the spaces is 52.31% (high) / 34.62% (moderate) Favorability according to the year of construction 43.08% (high) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - Regarding the resistance of the building, it can depend on many factors, one of them is related to the equipment and their up-to-dateness. - The sense of security in this complex is very high, and the presence of security and control system has caused the amount of crime in this part to be insignificant, but due to the traffic of people in the areas of the towers, sometimes the security of the complex is in trouble. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> access </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Access ways to parking lots 44.62% (a lot)/ Escape ways 57.69% (a lot) Access to police force and fire brigade 60% (average) / access to park and green space 53.08% (average) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - Due to its location next to the main highway of Hakim, Kurdistan and near the Hemet highway, this complex makes it easy to access other parts of the city. For this reason, the level of access is shown in the answers at a high level and is directly related to the desirability. -According to the answers received, the access to the parking lots of this complex is also desirable and the escape routes are also average. The degree of correlation between access to parking and escape routes and utility is appropriate. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> ownership </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> The desirability of the spaces is 52.31% (high) / 34.62% (moderate) Favorability according to the year of construction 43.08% (high) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - Most of the people living in this complex are owners and a small percentage are tenants. People who live in this complex have a moderate desire to move. - By examining the answers, it shows that people have a direct relationship with the desirability of the space and the feeling of living and continuing it. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Facilities and facilities </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Equipment and infrastructure 48.46% (too much) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - The facilities and facilities of these towers were repaired and modified since the year of construction, and the facilities and repairs unit located in this tower made them solve their facility problems in the shortest possible time. According to the answers given, the equipment and infrastructure are at an optimal level. - In the correlation diagram, there is a high correlation between up-to-date facilities and equipment and equipment for the disabled, and it shows the level of satisfaction of the residents. - There is a normal relationship between the up-to-dateness of the equipment and the interest of the residents to continue living, which indicates that it causes the satisfaction of the residents. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>       Using Python analysis, the questionnaire data and the slope of the obtained line as well as their coefficients, we can draw the final form of the regression, and the black dots that are located in the upper part of the blue surface are weak points in resilience and indicate that this complex has low resilience.   Conclusion   The proposed patterns based on biophilic architecture to increase the resilience of this tower are as follows:   1. Open space: improving the use of plants and green spaces in complexes (in entrance spaces, play spaces, common spaces) / designing a green roof for the use of residents / using seasonal plants to show the changes of the seasons.   2. Green space: improving the use of plants and green space in complexes (in entrance spaces, play spaces, common spaces) / designing green roofs for the use of residents / using seasonal plants to show the changes of seasons / using green walls in interior decoration, Such as the entrance of houses, the entrance spaces of elevators, lobby, etc. / Using water and aromatic plants on the terrace / Using water in different spaces next to the plants and creating the sound of water / Using pots and houseplants on the terraces.   3. Appropriation of uses: the access to service centers, healthcare and educational centers is about 50%. The uses inside the complex are also desirable, the variety of uses is high.    4. Thermal comfort: use of natural ventilation using water and plants / use of natural light in the design of units / temperature and thermal balance / presence of green spaces for air conditioning and reducing air temperature / use of large and opening windows for better ventilation of units / The presence of water to touch and hear creates a feeling of relaxation / Creating suitable canopies to regulate the presence of light   5. Land-substrate-density: geographical relationship with place/historical relationship with place/ecological relationship with place/native materials   6. Facilities and buildings: use of natural patterns in construction / use of natural materials / attention to air conditioning and thermal comfort / use of native and organic forms   7. Access: creating a green access road to the parking lots/ easy access to the main roads In the end, it can be stated that with the biophilic architecture models presented to improve resilience and the final model of biophilic architecture models proposed to improve physical-environmental resilience (Figure 4) which was mentioned in the findings section, the level of resilience in residential complexes such as Tehran Tower can be increase and improve interest in living in them. These patterns can be used in the design of other residential complexes to achieve resilient residential complexes.       References   Esfandiari Sedek, Razieh, Karimi, Mehrdad, Daneshgar Moghadam, Golrokh, )1395(, evaluation of collective feeling in residential complexes (case study: Saeedieh residential complex, Tehran, Hoyt Shahr magazine, number twenty-seven, year 10, autumn 1395, pp. 41-52.   Bitraf, Ehsan, Habib, Farah, Zabihi, Hossein (2017) Localization of ecological and biophilic architectural principles in the design of residential complexes in Iran in order to improve their quality, Shahri Management Journal, No. 52, Autumn 2017, pp. 205-218 .   Ainifar, Alireza, Ghazizadeh, Seyedah Neda (2009) Typology of residential complex in Tehran with open space criteria, Armanshahr theory, number 5, year 2009, pp. 35-45.   Browning, Hon. AIAWilliam & Et al. (2014), 14. patterns of biophiliC design Improving Health And Well-Being In The Built environment, Terrapin Bright Green LLC, New York NY | Washington DC.   Browning WD, Ryan CO, Clancy JO (2014) 14 Patterns of biophilic design. New York: Terrapin Bright Green LLC.   Kellert, Stephen R. & [others]. (2008), Biophilic Design: The theory, Science, and practice of Bringing Building. <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> PhD Student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. <a href="mailto:Negin_moghadasi@yahoo.com">Negin_moghadasi@yahoo.com</a> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Khanmohamadi.marjan@kiau.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning and Urban Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Saremi@modares.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">****</a> Associate professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Haghighatbin@modares.ac.ir </div> </div>  http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/46884physical-environmental resilience residential tower biophilic architecture Tehran International Tower.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282024-10145375106articleThe Environmental Health Evaluation Model Based on Precision Medicine’s Omicssara daneshmanddaneshmand@shirazu.ac.ir1Kaveh Fattahika_fattahi@shirazu.ac.ir2Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. <div class="Section1" dir="RTL"> The Environmental Health Evaluation Model Based on Precision Medicine’s Omics   Sara Daneshmand<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>  Kaveh Fattahi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a> Studies on the quality of life in the two fields of medical sciences and environmental sciences show that each one refers to an aspect of health and less interdisciplinary view has been formed. So far, a comprehensive framework for environmental health assessment with the aim of integrating and harmonizing assessment models has not been provided. Therefore, this study examines the dimensions and components of health in both areas and proposes an "environmental health evaluation model" using a mixed research method. This interdisciplinary model includes new dimensions of environmental health and by using quantitative health indicators, it paves the way for developing a "comprehensive environmental health measurement tool" and creating and improving healthy environments to enrich the quality of life.   Keywords: Quality of Life, Health, Transcendental Medicine, Deep Medicine, Precision Medicine, Omics, Health Evaluation.   Introduction: The matter of quality of life and its defining criteria and indicators has consistently intrigued scholars across diverse fields of study. Within the realm of architecture and urban planning, the assessment of quality of life typically aligns with environmental studies, involving the creation of specialized evaluation tools and models for appraisal. A prevailing characteristic of these models is a focus on health-related aspects when gauging quality of life. Given the shift in perspective on health from a pathogenic to a salutogenic approach, there is a pressing need to adapt and devise fresh assessment frameworks to evaluate the environmental health effectively. In today's research landscape, the realm of quality of life assessment based on health index has expanded significantly, encompassing various questionnaires like CDC HRQoL, EQ-5D, AQoL-8D, and HRQoL. This holistic approach has also seeped into the realms of architecture and urban design, where a noticeable surge in focus on health promotive and health-oriented design concepts can be observed over the past few decades. Numerous architectural theories and methodologies have emerged in this sphere recently, underlining a growing synergy between medical sciences (Rosen & Hoang, 2017; Richardson et al., 2010; Van Dillen et al., 2012) and environmental sciences (Collado et al., 2017; Hartig, 2017; Shu & Ma, 2018; Lin & Juan, 2024; Gashoot, 2023; Grigoryan, 2023; Morera-Balaguer et al., 2023; Thakur et al., 2023; Bower et al., 2019; Higuera-Trujillo, 2021; Assem et al., 2022).These intersectional studies deeply explore the profound impact of the environment on human health. However, there has been a scarcity of results presented within an interdisciplinary framework. Consequently, establishing a comprehensive framework that explores every aspect and layer of an individual's health within the reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment, and subsequently proposes a model or tool for assessing people's health across various spatial contexts encompassing both natural and man-made environments, proves not only highly influential in enhancing the users’ quality of life but also imperative given the significance of health within contemporary societies. The compilation of such an intricate framework necessitates a profound understanding and exploration of the topics at hand, which are delineated through three pivotal inquiries:   <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="LTR" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 1.0cm;">1-      What is the definition of health and what are its various dimensions and components? How have the approaches towards expressing these components evolved in medical and environmental sciences over time?  <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="LTR" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 1.0cm;">2-      Can the health-related aspects of the environment be delineated through insights gained from recent medical studies?  <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="LTR" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 1.0cm;">3-      Furthermore, how can we develop a comprehensive model to assess environmental health, and what specific criteria should be included in this model? Research method: This research explores the concept of health and its dimensions within both environmental and medical studies. Initially, a comparative analysis is conducted between detailed theories of both classic and novel medical science to develop a comprehensive structural model that integrates components and indicators from both perspectives. This model aligns the dimensions of environmental health with those of human health. Subsequently, the study establishes a hierarchical structure for a transcendental environment by correlating levels of transcendental medicine with advanced and contemporary approaches in environmental sciences. Combining the insights from the initial and subsequent analyses, the research introduces a proposed environmental health matrix. Utilizing the "space quality evaluation method," this matrix is further expanded into a detailed "environmental health evaluation model," consisting of four matrices.   Results In this article, the dimensions of environmental health, were extracted based on the correspondence between two theories of deep medicine and transcendental medicine (Tabei and Nabipour, 2020). They was followed by an exploration of the hierarchical structure of the transcendental environment, aligned with the environment-behavior model grounded in these medical theories. The table below provides a visual representation of the research findings in this context. </div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <div class="Section2" dir="RTL"> Table: Hierarchical structure of transcendental environment <img src="file:///C:\Users\Bayeh\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\05\clip_image002.gif" width="908" height="489" /> </div> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <div class="Section3" dir="RTL"> Discussion and conclusion After completing the comparison and juxtaposing process, a model is introduced for assessing the health of the environment. In developing this model, the physical dimension (O and G) and the psychological dimension (C) play crucial roles as two structural components of the matrix. Additionally, by incorporating time as a third dimension (T), evaluation matrices can be constructed. Following an analysis of all matrices and determination of their dimension values, it is recommended to supplement the matrices with necessary restoration values (R) to achieve the desired status. A comprehensive breakdown of the proposed model is provided in the table below.   Table: proposed details of environmental health evaluation model   <div dir="rtl" align="center"> <table class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="margin-left: -8.65pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black;" border="1" width="634" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 137.6pt;"> <td style="width: 72.8pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="97"> The restorative physical dimension of the environment (Encounter with the external stimulus of the environment and environmental treatment) </td> <td style="width: 48.55pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="65"> Secondary physical-psychological dimension of the person (long time) </td> <td style="width: 49.6pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="66"> Secondary physical-psychological dimension of the person (midterm) </td> <td style="width: 49.65pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="66"> The primary psychological dimension of the person (short term) </td> <td style="width: 63.75pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="85"> The previous psychological dimension of the person </td> <td style="width: 63.8pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="85"> The previous physical dimension of the person </td> <td style="width: 45.25pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="60"> The physical dimension of the environment in the existing situation </td> <td style="width: 25.8pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="34"> spiritual dimension </td> <td style="width: 56.45pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 137.6pt;" width="75"> Dimensions of environmental health </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 73.75pt;"> <td style="width: 72.8pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 73.75pt;" width="97"> Environmental GIS for restoration (R) </td> <td style="width: 211.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 73.75pt;" colspan="4" width="282"> Combination variables (C) </td> <td style="width: 63.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 73.75pt;" width="85"> Personal omics (<img src="file:///C:\Users\Bayeh\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\05\clip_image004.gif" width="22" height="21" />) </td> <td style="width: 45.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 73.75pt;" width="60"> Environmental GIS (<img src="file:///C:\Users\Bayeh\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\05\clip_image006.gif" width="22" height="21" />) </td> <td style="width: 25.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 73.75pt;" width="34"> --- </td> <td style="width: 56.45pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 73.75pt;" width="75"> Components </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 37.45pt;"> <td style="width: 72.8pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 37.45pt;" rowspan="2" width="97"> Restorative properties of the environment </td> <td style="width: 147.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 37.45pt;" colspan="3" width="197"> Compatibility matrix </td> <td style="width: 63.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 37.45pt;" rowspan="2" width="85"> Correlation matrix. (Mental Correlation of a person with the environment) (Range of interaction with the environment) </td> <td style="width: 63.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 37.45pt;" rowspan="2" width="85"> Desirability matrix. (The subjective desirable of the audience) (sensation range) </td> <td style="width: 45.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 37.45pt;" rowspan="2" width="60"> Capacity matrix of the environment </td> <td style="width: 25.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 37.45pt;" rowspan="2" width="34"> --- </td> <td style="width: 56.45pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 37.45pt;" rowspan="2" width="75"> Suggested matrices </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 110.55pt;"> <td style="width: 48.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 110.55pt;" width="65"> (range of active presence in the environment) </td> <td style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 110.55pt;" width="66"> (range of compatibility with the environment) </td> <td style="width: 49.65pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-rotate: 90; height: 110.55pt;" width="66"> (range of belonging to the environment) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>     With the space quality evaluation method, the matrix details are effectively presented based on their respective components. This, in turn, aids in illustrating the stages of environmental health evaluation through the utilization of these matrices.The diagram below shows the environmental health assessment model. </div> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <div class="Section4" dir="RTL"> Diagram: environmental health evaluation model   <img src="file:///C:\Users\Bayeh\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\05\clip_image008.gif" width="924" height="541" /> </div> The results of the research in response to the research questions have revealed insights into various dimensions and components of health as outlined in medical and environmental studies. While physical and psychological dimensions form the foundation of most theories, the spiritual dimension remains relatively unexplored due to its ethereal nature.   Through a holistic integration of medical and environmental sciences, a more nuanced understanding of environmental components has emerged, paving the way for a comprehensive analysis. By examining the cognitive-behavioral processes through the lenses of deep medicine and transcendental medicine, the study has successfully extracted dimensions of environmental health and components crucial for evaluation.    Introducing the space quality evaluation method has further enhanced the understanding of health dimensions, leading to the development of four matrices for environmental health assessment. This model not only unravels the intricate interplay between humans and their environment but also offers practical guidance for environmental designers to create healthier spaces, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for all inhabitants. This research sets the stage for future exploration in environmental health assessment tools, emphasizing the importance of incorporating current health indicators to enhance environmental quality. The proposed model holds the potential to usher in a new era of environmental design that prioritizes human well-being and fosters sustainable environments for generations to come.       References   Assem, H. M., Khodeir, L. M., Fathy, F. (2023) Designing for human wellbeing: The integration of neuroarchitecture in design – A systematic review, Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 14(6): 102102.   Bower, I, Tucker, R, Enticott, P.G. (2019) Impact of built environment design on emotion measured via neurophysiological correlates and subjective indicators: A systematic review, Journal of Environmental Psychology; 66: 101344.   Collado, S., Staats, H., Corraliza, J. A., &Hartig, T. (2017) Restorative environments and health. In Handbook of environmental psychology and quality of life research (pp. 127-148). Springer.   Gashoot, Moamer. (2023) Healing Environment. 10.13140/RG.2.2.14025.31848. Thesis for PhD.   Grigoryan, Grigory A. (2023) The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol.17, DOI=10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1227575 .Hartig, T. (2017) Restorative Environments☆. In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05699-6   Higuera-Trujillo, J.L.; Llinares, C.; Macagno, E. (2021). The Cognitive-Emotional Design and Study of Architectural Space: A Scoping Review of Neuroarchitecture and Its Precursor Approaches. Sensors; 21: 2193.   Lin, Wan-Hsuan; Juan, Yi-Kai (2024) Examining the association between healing environments and work performance, Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108624.   Morera-Balaguer, J., Martínez-González, M.C., Río-Medina, S. et al. (2023). The influence of the environment on the patient-centered therapeutic relationship in physical therapy: a qualitative study. Arch Public Health 81, 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01064-9.   Richardson, E., Pearce, J., Mitchell, R. et al. (2010) The association between green space and cause-specific mortality in urban New Zealand: an ecological analysis of green space utility. BMC Public Health 10, 240. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-240">https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-240</a>.   Rosen, David H., Hoang, Uyen (2017) Patient Centered Medicine: A Human Experience, Oxford University Press, 1st Edition.   Shu, S., & Ma, H. (2018) The restorative environmental sounds perceived by children. Journal of environmental psychology, 60, 72-80. <a href="https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.10.011">https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.10.011</a>   Tabei, S.Z., &Nabipour, I. (2020). Transcendent Medicine and Deep Medicine Paradigm. IRANIAN SOUTH MEDICAL JOURNAL (ISMJ), 23(1 ), 70-86. SID. <a href="https://sid.ir/paper/361546/en">https://sid.ir/paper/361546/en</a> [in persian].   Thakur, J. S.; Kaur, Rajbir; Rana, Anjalil; Paika, Ronika; Singh, Sukriti; Malhotra, Samir (2023). Systematic review on school health program and health-promoting schools in Southeast Asian region countries. International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases 8(4):p 170-178, Oct–Dec. DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_63_23.   Van Dillen, S. M., de Vries, S., Groenewegen, P. P., &Spreeuwenberg, P. (2012) Greenspace in urban neighbourhoods and residents' health: adding quality to quantity. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 66(6), e8. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.104695.     <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="right" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. daneshmand@shirazu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. ka_fattahi@shirazu.ac.ir </div> </div>  http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/44586Quality of Life Health Transcendental Medicine Deep Medicine Precision Medicine Omics Health Evaluation.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282024-101453107132articleThematic Recognition of Establishing the Pillars of New Generation Cities (case study: Masdar New City)nasim ghasemi gharyeh aalighasemi.nasim70@gmail.com1Hamidreza saremisaremi@modares.ac.ir2arash baghdadibaghdadi.arash@yahoo.com3PhD Student of Department of Urbanism, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Associate Professor Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Arts, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Assistant Professor of Department of Urbanism, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.     Thematic Recognition of Establishing the Pillars of New   Generation Cities (case study: Masdar New City)<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[1]</a>                                                                                                                   Nasim Ghasemi Gharyeh Aali<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">*</a>   Hamidreza Sarmi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">**</a>   Arash Baghdadi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">***</a>   Introduction   "New Towns" are considered one of the central themes in urban studies and, as a planned urban Settlement, have attracted the attention of managers and planners worldwide over the past century due to their connection to urbanization and their role as a "policy-based urban innovation." Currently, the establishment of the new generation of 21st-century new towns represents the strongest and most progressive trend among these emerging settlements, necessitating updated studies from various perspectives. The aim of the present research is to recognize the central theme of how the core elements and components of the new generation "Masdar" city in the United Arab Emirates are integrated, so that alongside the research findings, important lessons can be drawn, especially for the second-generation new Towns in Iran, regardless of the commonalities or differences in the planning systems of the UAE and Iran. The research questions include the following two points: 1- How can we achieve an understanding of the establishment of the core elements and components of the new generation "Masdar" city in the United Arab Emirates in an integrated manner? 2- What does the cumulative reading of the core elements and components of the new generation "Masdar" city indicate?       Research Methodology   The approach of the present research is qualitative, falling within the theoretical nature of the study. The general method of gathering research resources is based on library studies, focusing on the theoretical texts of the new generation of new towns globally. The specific methodological technique employed in this research relies on the "thematic content analysis" method, which primarily aims to identify and describe the various "themes" used in the phenomena under investigation. In this technique, the focus is on the text and its components, including words, sentences, and thematic paragraphs, systematically striving to explain and achieve the thoughts, theories, and messages present in a text. Furthermore, in terms of methodology, thematic content analysis is one of the "content analysis" methods that shares similarities with "thematic analysis" in identifying common themes, where more objective dimensions prevail over interpretive aspects. It also allows for the identification of a range of themes using methods such as focusing on "keywords" or "frequently occurring concepts" in the texts or subjects under study. In this context, the research utilized nearly 40 Latin sources, reading their content until saturation was reached, with the new city of Masdar being examined in a cohesive framework for content and thematic analysis. To address the core elements and components of establishing the new city of Masdar, the classification of findings is based on a three-level model, namely the "macro-meso-micro" analytical framework, which respectively represents the three dimensions of "structure," "approach," and "implementation" in Masdar city. Additionally, themes are organized at two inductive levels: the network of main themes and the network of sub-themes, presented in parallel from the perspectives of urban planning and architecture. The case study of this research is the new generation city of "Masdar" in the United Arab Emirates. The new city of Masdar is located in the Abu Dhabi region, adjacent to the capital city of the United Arab Emirates. The construction of this city dates back to 2006, with various completion timelines mentioned, including the years 2016 and 2030. The projected population density of this city is equivalent to 135 people per hectare, intended to accommodate 50,000 residents and 40,000 visitors over an area of nearly 7 million square meters. The location of Masdar city in the Middle East and its proximity to Iran, the initial assessment of Masdar's ambitions regarding the model of global cities, the limited existing Persian research on the recognition of second-generation new towns, the examination of Masdar as one of the second-generation new towns on a global scale, the availability of resources, especially international research on Masdar, and the potential use of the findings and evaluations of Masdar city for the planning and management system of second-generation new towns in Iran are among the reasons for selecting Masdar city as a case study in this research. The data collection method for the research was also developed through library studies, and the analysis and interpretation of the findings were conducted using thematic content analysis.       Research Findings   The findings of the research indicate that presenting a three-level methodological approach aligns with the goals and establishment of new-generation cities. Instead of the common one-dimensional readings, such as content-based interpretations of new-generation towns, these new towns can be considered simultaneously from three perspectives: "macro dimensions," "meso dimensions," and "micro dimensions," within an integrated framework of themes. The number of identified themes in these layers includes ten main themes and thirty-six sub-themes that are foundational and driving for the establishment and development of the city. At the structural level and in the main themes, characteristics such as principles of political decision-making, transformed national contexts, and especially large-scale financing models for advancing major policies along with ambition are prevalent. In the meso layer, multiple components include eleven sub-themes encompassing various modern approaches such as eco-cities, entrepreneurial cities, urban branding, and carbon-neutral cities, which practically create a mix that fosters various conflicts within a single city. In the micro layer, the theme of integration and the combination of knowledge elements such as urban planning and architecture, such as the reuse of traditional architectural styles with a contemporary interpretation in the concept and form of buildings, or the use of materials similar to clay in the facades of important city buildings were observed.       Conclusion   Overall, this new theoretical and methodological understanding of the Masdar city can, alongside other prior knowledge-based and foundational research, contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in the establishment of new-generation towns and provide new perspectives for interpreting these emerging towns. Additionally, the results focused on the Masdar city and the three-level readings of this city indicate that the establishment of this city depends on all three levels: macro, meso, and micro. These three levels have interrelated relationships with each other, and this cross-sectional reading can significantly enhance the understanding of these cities compared to one-dimensional or case-specific content readings, allowing for holistic interpretations instead of fragmented views. From the perspective of urban critique, there are some shortcomings due to the dominance of technology over the essence and spirit of the Masdar city, rather than prioritizing life over technology. Consequently, this city has not yet created a suitable urban identity.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[1]</a>. This article is based on the Ph.D. dissertation of the first author entitled “Explanation of the desired pattern of establishment of new second-generation residential tourism Towns with an emphasis on Grounded theory (Case Study: the new city of Tiss)” under the supervision of the second author and the advice of the third author, which is running in the Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch. </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">*</a> PhD Student of Department of Urbanism, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ghasemi.nasim70@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">**</a> Corresponding Author: Associate Professor Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Arts, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. saremi@modares.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">***</a> Assistant Professor of Department of Urbanism, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. baghdadi.arash@yahoo.com </div> </div>  http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/43657New Cities New Generation of New Cities Methodology of New Cities Masdar