perACECRمطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282026-101662130articleMarjan Karimpourshirazikarimpourshirazi@yahoo.com1Hossein Kalantari KhalilabadH_kalantari2005@yahoo.com2Mohammad Reza Rezaimrezaei@miau.ac.ir3PhD Candidate in Urban Planning, Yasooj Islamic University, Yasooj, Iran.Professor at the Institute for Human & Social Sciences, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.<p style="text-align: left;">Problem Statement: The extensive destruction of metropolitan gardens in recent decades has led to the development and implementation of a wide range of plans, programs, and actions. Influenced by economic, social, cultural, and political factors, these initiatives encompass diverse approaches, ranging from sustainable development-based conservation to profit-driven economic growth, and have generated varied consequences and reactions. In this context, regeneration, as an approach integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions while emphasizing the role of identity in redefining the status of gardens, forms the focus of this study.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Objectives and Research Question: The study aims to comparatively examine the religious origins of attitudes and behaviors toward metropolitan gardens, their effects on the formation and transformation of these gardens, and the extraction of principles derived from religious worldviews for garden regeneration. The central research question is: What is the relationship between religious attitudes and human behavior toward gardens, and how has this relationship evolved within the contexts of history and economic, social, political, and climatic conditions?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Research Method: This qualitative study employs a documentary-library research method and a comparative approach. It analyzes the concepts shaping attitudes toward gardens, their formation processes, roles and functions, and their interaction with metropolitan contexts, examining these elements from the perspectives of various religious traditions and across historical periods, while considering the influence of economic, social, political, and climatic factors.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Findings and Conclusions: The findings indicate that religious attitudes have influenced the meaning, status, roles, and functions of gardens, as well as their relationship with the urban environment. These relationships have undergone transformations over time through their interaction with economic, social, political, and climatic conditions. Accordingly, the revival and reinterpretation of past values can provide a basis for formulating principles for the regeneration of metropolitan gardens under contemporary conditions.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Originality: This research links the comparative study of religious worldviews and the transformations of gardens with a metropolitan regeneration approach and derives fundamental principles for reinterpreting past values in addressing the contemporary challenge of garden destruction.</p>http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/41976Urban regeneration Garden spaces Religious foundations Place identityperACECRمطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282026-1016623153articleHamidreza Saremisaremi@modares.ac.ir1Sorayya Farajis.faraji@modares.ac.ir2Assistant Professor of urban planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Ph.D. student in Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran<div id="chat-response-message-f66195ff-f7e8-491d-a83c-fbf880df4b6b" class="chat-response-message"> <div class="chat-response-message-right" data-spm-anchor-id="a2ty_o01.29997173.0.i1.251855fbeUlTae"> <div class="response-message-content t2t phase-answer"> <div class="custom-qwen-markdown"> <div class="qwen-markdown qwen-markdown-loose"> <div class="qwen-markdown-paragraph" data-spm-anchor-id="a2ty_o01.29997173.0.i3.251855fbeUlTae"> <p style="text-align: left;">The crisis of meaning and the disruption of identity in contemporary cities have heightened the necessity of re-reading the intellectual heritage of Islamic-Iranian civilization. ʿAyn al-Quḍāt Hamadānī, a prominent mystic of the 5th and 6th centuries AH, has been neglected in urban studies despite his eminent position in the history of mysticism. This interdisciplinary research seeks to re-read the components of utopia in his book Tamhīdāt. This is a fundamental study employing thematic analysis. Data were collected by examining the complete text of Tamhīdāt as the primary source and 28 related studies as secondary sources, and were analyzed in three analytical steps (extraction of concepts, clustering of themes, and formulation of the macro-structure).</p> <p style="text-align: left;">The findings reveal that ʿAyn al-Quḍāt's utopia, known as "Maqʿad Ṣidq" (Seat of Truth), is a supra-material city structured in four realms: physical-symbolic (manifestation of beauty, symbolic language, the sovereignty of light, unity in multiplicity, the imaginal world, anti-habitualism, and form-representation), socio-cultural (love, annihilation of the self, self-knowledge, perceptual hierarchies, and intuitive knowledge), political-managerial (divine justice and the wilāya of the spiritual guide), and economic (asceticism and liberation from worldly attachments). These realms are organized within a three-layered conceptual model (ontological foundations, transformation mechanisms, concrete manifestations), with the ultimate goal of cultivating the "Perfect Man" (al-Insān al-Kāmil). This re-reading demonstrates that theoretical mysticism, particularly the works of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt, can serve as an inspiring source for rethinking the dimensions of meaning and identity of contemporary Islamic-Iranian cities.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52173Islamic Utopia Tamhidat Nur al-Muhammadi The Perfect Human (Al-Insān al-Kāmil) City of LoveperACECRمطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282026-1016625577articleSeyyed Hossein Hosseinihossein.hosseini@iau.ac.ir1Reza Mirzaeirezamirzaei@iau.ac.ir2Seyyed Mehdi Maddahim.madahi@profs.khi.ac.ir3Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Art and Architecture, Bi.c., Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Bi.c., Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Khavaran Higher Education Institute, Mashhad, Iran.<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN" style="font-weight: normal;">The concept of privacy, as one of the fundamental components of Iranian-Islamic culture, has played a decisive role in shaping traditional Iranian housing architecture. However, contemporary transformations, including economic pressures and the tendency toward Western residential patterns, have led to diminished attention to this principle in contemporary housing design. This study aims to investigate the role and position of the concept of privacy in Iranian housing architecture studies through a systematic review of scientific and research articles published between 2007 and 2024. Following an initial search and screening of domestic bibliographic databases, 42 eligible articles were selected and quantitatively analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA2) software. The findings indicate a prominent position and a strong, statistically significant effect of privacy (effect size = 3.317) in research articles in this field. Subgroup analyses showed that qualitative and comparative studies yielded the largest effect sizes in estimating the importance of privacy. In addition, interview-based data collection methods demonstrated greater depth in revealing the subjective and experiential dimensions of this concept. Despite the extensive confirmation of the role of privacy, research gaps were identified, including an excessive focus on traditional housing, insufficient attention to contemporary residential spaces, and the absence of standardized quantitative indicators for measuring privacy under new residential conditions. The findings emphasize the need to extend research to contemporary housing contexts and to develop integrated analytical tools.</span></h3>http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52861Privacy Architectural Form Privacy of Space HousingperACECRمطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282026-10166279100articleHosna-alsadat Shams Dolatabadihosna_shd@yahoo.com1Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.<p style="text-align: left;">Throughout history, the city has evolved not merely as a collection of built environments but as a reflection of lived experiences, epistemic systems, and the prevailing logic of power and technology. In pre-modern cities, space maintained an organic nexus with meaning, ritual, and community, where urbanity (<em>civitas</em>) was reproduced through presence, collective memory, and face-to-face interactions. The advent of modernity and the Industrial Revolution fractured this linkage, redefining the city within the frameworks of instrumental rationality, functionalist planning, and the commodification of space. While this transformation yielded advancements in infrastructure and urban efficiency, it simultaneously precipitated the erosion of the human <em>lifeworld</em> and a crisis of urbanity.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">In recent decades, the proliferation of digital technologies, data-driven governance, and the networking of social relations have propelled the city into a new phase. Here, physical and virtual spaces are inextricably intertwined, and a &ldquo;network logic&rdquo; has superseded antecedent paradigms. While this condition offers nascent capacities for participation, accessibility, and the reimagining of spatial organization, it concurrently engenders the risk of reproducing inequality, surveillance, and social exclusion through technocratic modalities.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Drawing upon documentary analysis and a theoretical synthesis of both classical and contemporary texts, this research constructs a conceptual framework for the evolution of the logic of spatial production&mdash;from the pre-modern city to the contemporary technological city. By integrating theories from Lefebvre, Weber, Simmel, Mumford, Harvey, and Castells with contemporary approaches to urban living, a tripartite conceptual model&mdash;encompassing the logics of &ldquo;nexus,&rdquo; &ldquo;disjunction,&rdquo; and &ldquo;networking&rdquo;&mdash;is proposed. The findings demonstrate that the restoration of human urbanity in the technological age lies neither in the negation of technology nor in its uncritical acceptance, but in the critical appropriation of technology to re-establish the linkage between space, society, and meaning. This framework establishes a theoretical foundation for empirical studies, urban policy-making, and a critical evaluation of the &ldquo;smart city&rdquo; discourse.</p>http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52975Urbanity Logic of Spatial Production Pre-modern City Technological City LifeworldperACECRمطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282026-101662101116articleRoya Sadeghi Fereshtehsadeghi2210@gmail.com1Nazanin Zamanir.sadeghi@atr.ac.ir2Assistant Professor Department of Architecture Faculty of Dr. Ali Eqbali Sustainable Development, University College of Omran_Toseeh, Hamedan, Iran.Department of Architecture Faculty of Dr. Ali Eqbali Sustainable Development, University College of Omran_Toseeh, Hamedan, Iran.<p>Women&rsquo;s vitality in urban public spaces is an important indicator of urban quality of life and social sustainability, as it contributes to social presence, urban interaction, and equitable use of public environments. Despite its significance, there is still limited understanding of how different dimensions of architectural design quality influence women&rsquo;s vitality in Iranian cities. This study aims to assess women&rsquo;s vitality in urban environments from the perspective of architectural design quality, with a focus on public spaces in Hamedan. The research is applied in purpose and descriptive-correlational in method. First, the key indicators of architectural design quality were extracted through a systematic review of the literature and classified into five dimensions: physical, social, psychological, environmental, and functional. Then, the required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and field survey among women using public spaces in Hamedan. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by expert judgment, and its reliability was verified using Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between architectural design quality and women&rsquo;s vitality. The results also showed that all five dimensions of architectural design quality are associated with women&rsquo;s vitality; however, the psychological, social, and functional dimensions play a more prominent role in explaining it. Accordingly, improving the architectural design quality of public spaces through simultaneous attention to physical, social, psychological, environmental, and functional dimensions can enhance women&rsquo;s presence, satisfaction, and vitality in urban environments.</p>http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/53179Women’s vitality architectural design quality urban public spaces urban environment environmental quality HamedanperACECRمطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282026-101662117144articleHamed Hayatyhamedhayaty@yahoo.com1Aref Abbassiarefabbassi4@gmail.com2Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.M.Sc. Student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran<p style="text-align: center;">Islamic jurisprudence, as a systematic body of knowledge, provides an effective framework for developing criteria to guide and regulate urban space. The contemporary crisis of urban townscape and the growing departure from authentic spatial patterns have further underscored the need to assess the conformity of building fa&ccedil;ades with jurisprudential principles. Employing a qualitative, descriptive&ndash;analytical approach, this study draws on library research, jurisprudential content analysis, and field observations to address the following question: To what extent do the existing fa&ccedil;ades along Eram Street conform to the physical and spatial criteria derived from the principles of Shi'a jurisprudence?</p> <p style="text-align: center;">The findings demonstrate that, by translating abstract jurisprudential concepts into tangible physical criteria, a two-layer analytical model can be developed. The first layer comprises &ldquo;indicator-generating principles,&rdquo; such as <em>lā </em><em>ḍarar</em> (the prohibition of harm), <em>taslī</em><em>ṭ</em> (the principle of ownership and authority), <em>tasbīb</em> (causation), and <em>itlāf</em> (destruction or liability for loss), which can be employed to assess safety, privacy and spatial boundaries, and resource efficiency. The second layer consists of &ldquo;regulatory principles,&rdquo; including <em>nafy al-sabīl</em> (the negation of domination) and <em>ma</em><em>ṣla</em><em>ḥah</em> (public interest), which serve to guide the preservation of authenticity and visual identity.</p> <p style="text-align: center;">The assessment of the Eram Street corridor indicates that the absence of a &ldquo;jurisprudential conformity matrix&rdquo; within regulatory and supervisory processes has resulted in significant conflicts, including obstruction of public passage, violations of <em>ḥaqq al-nās</em> (the rights of others), visual disorder, and light pollution. Accordingly, the study proposes the establishment of a specialized &ldquo;Islamic Jurisprudence and Urban Landscape&rdquo; committee within Qom Municipality, prioritizing the collective rights of pilgrims based on the principle of <em>al-ahamm wa al-muhimm</em> (the hierarchy of greater and lesser importance), and requiring the use of indigenous material patterns as a means of counteracting architectural domination and dependency, in accordance with the principle of <em>nafy al-sabīl</em>.</p>http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/53741Urban Townscape Building Façade Shi'a Jurisprudence Islamic City Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH) Qom