perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282022-021244514articleMohsen Rafieianmrafian@yazd.ac.ir1Mojtaba Rafieianrafiei_m@modares.ac.ir2Mohamadreza BemanianBemanian@modares.ac.ir3Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, IranProfessor, Department of urban design and planning, Tarbiat Modares University, TehranProfessor, Department of architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran This article is written because of the lack of a model for understanding the relationship of the meaning of public space in the perceivers's minds. The results of the study showed that there are two types of levels in any observer's mind that the first are straight, immediate and referential, and the second are implicit, secondary and normative. In fact the secondary thought are a basis for knowing a place as high quality or not. For example everyone considers a clean public place or a place with law as a desirable place. However these places could have not been known as a quality places, if they are impure (according to Islamic rules) or there is a sin in it. With this example, it is cleared out that the secondary meaning plays an important role in the qualitative judgment of public places. Therefore in suggested model, a first levels are around the circle and the secondary are in a center of that and also this model is arranged by some components that has some properties such as a) Transcendental and uplifting, b) Being complementary and c) Hierarchy.in an example meaning relationship could be like atent with a main coulmn and some strings, implicit, secondary and normative meanings are like a main coulmn and straight, immediate and referential meanings are like strings. Finally,quality of holdfast arrange around it.http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/19992Quality of public place model of the meaning relationship Islamic-Iranian thought Islamic -Iranian urbanismperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282022-0212441528articleAzam Afsharniaazamafsharnia@yahoo.com1Esfandiar zebardastzebardst@ut.ac.ir2Morteza Talachianm-talachian@srbiau.ac.ir3Researcher PhD in Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranProfessor, Department of Urban Planning, University of Tehran. Tehran IranResearcher PhD in Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAcquisition of urban lands with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development projects. In this study, after examining land ownership rights, some important rules related to land ownership in different Western and Islamic perspectives are presented and suggestions are made to increase social justice in the realization of urban property rights. In the present study, due to the nature of the subject, the secondary analysis method and content analysis technique have been used. The findings of the study suggest that in the Western view, liberalism imposes restrictions on the government’s power to expropriate individuals, and argues that expropriation laws are only permissible if they serve the public interest. Results of the analysis of private property laws based on the indicators of justice and property rights in Iran by examining property laws in the relevant documents, in the form of 9 principles, including the participation of stakeholders in the implementation of urban projects in financing public spending, transfer of rights Development to the people, the legality of private expropriation if the public interest takes precedence over private-individual interests, and so on. Among the problems of land expropriation in urban development projects are the weakness of laws in proving the loss of existing owners or comparing the loss of owner and citizens and lack of explanation of the rights of the owner of each plot of land in relation to rules and regulations on how to use and use that property. http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/27265social justice land ownership urban development plans land acquisitionperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282022-0212442946articlesomayeh omidvariomidvari660@yahoo.com1mehdi basoulibasouli@acecr.ac.ir2Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Arts University, Yazd, IranAssistant Professor of Research, ACECR, Tehran, IranThe sunken courtyard is one of the spatial types of underground architecture and an important spatial element of traditional dwellings in the city of Yazd. This spatial element is formed in response to a variety of factors, including climatic, functional, and physical requirements. In addition, it allows a family to live in the heart of the earth in the summer, away from direct sunshine, and in the winter, under the protection of the soil. Despite substantial research on the physical and spatial characteristics of subterranean courtyards, little is known about their formal typology. The purpose of this research is to investigate the significance and function of sunken courtyards in traditional Yazd dwellings, as well as the causes for their genesis and their formal typology. This is a qualitative study and the descriptive-analytical methodology was employed. This paper’s data was gathered through a field survey and documents. In this study, 40 traditional houses in Yazd with pit courtyards were surveyed. Following that, eight houses were chosen based on the level of the yards and the spatial features of sunken yards, and were analyzed based on formal typology. As a result, many typologies based on four different themes were presented, including the geometry of sunken courtyards, their location in houses, the organization of spaces around pit yards, and the depth of sunken yards. http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/19955Formal Typology Sunken courtyard Underground architecture YazdperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282022-0212444764articleaboozar vafaeiasman.mehr@yahoo.com1rasol heidary soreshjanirasol_heidary@kashanu.ac.ir2Assistant Professor of Geography and Ecotourism, university of KashanAssistant Professor, Department of Geography and Ecotourism, Kashan University, Kashan, IranToday, cities encounter major urbanization and instability problems in innumerable dimensions, and traditional patterns in the form of urban development plans have not been able to lessen the disorder and instability of the urban space system. Thus, traditional approaches failure to deal with urban problems has led to the formation of a strategic attitude. Regarding the issue, Kashan is one of the cities that has feasibly accompanied with many physical, economic, socio-cultural disturbances influenced by high physical growth and its incompatibility with the capacity of urban infrastructure and ultimately inefficiency of urban development plans that caused the development of the city towards imbalance and spatial stability. In line with the previous studies regarding the pattern of scattered urban growth and the inability of urban development plans to meet the needs and deal with the problems of Kashan, this research is to proceed with explaining the stability of Kashan spatial system by formulating, determining and prioritizing urban development strategies within the framework of a specific conceptual structure. In terms of purpose, the type of research is applied-developmental and concerning the method, is descriptive-analytic. The approach of the present study is also a strategic attitude based on a systemic approach. The results of the research show that the type of strategy applied to stabilize the space system of Kashan is a defensive strategy. While in the evaluation provided in prioritizing strategies using the VIKOR model and choosing the optimized strategy, showed that “Developing the economic development document of the city in accordance with the capabilities and comparative and competitive advantages, especially in the field of industry, tourism and agricultural products” should be considered a priority in urban development programs as a superior strategy by city officials and managers. http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/33130Urban Development Strategy Spatial System Sustainability KashanperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282022-0212446574articleRouhollah Rahimir.rahimi@umz.ac.ir1 Seyed Mohsen Moosavimohsen.moosavi@umz.ac.ir2Mahdieh Beyshamim.beyshami@yahoo.com3Sahar Amini Goharrizisaharamini.g@gmail.com4Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, babolsar, IranAssistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.Master of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranMaster of Architecture. Researcher, Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, IranHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definitions of our daily lives have changed. A concept that is still firmly preserved is the concept of human privacy. Traditional Iranian architects have tried to design houses while maintaining the principles of privacy in open and closed spaces of houses, but over time, with the growth of apartment living, development of construction technology and the integration of Western culture with Iranian-Islamic culture, observance of privacy in homes, especially in open spaces, has declined. Mazandaran province is one of the regions that has undergone many inappropriate construction changes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and knowledge of the components affecting the syntax of space on the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran. This study seeks to find physical patterns of privacy in the open spaces of Mazandaran houses by extracting patterns of privacy in Mazandaran houses. In this research, first, through field studies, patterns are found and then, using the space syntax technique and Depthmap software, the indices of depth, connection and interconnection and isoust in the building will be studied. The results of the present study showed that open space has an important and fundamental role on the level of spatial privacy and also the geometry and location of the yard relative to the building has a double effect on the visibility of observers to different spaces of the house. In such a way that the yards that have irregular geometry and are located in the middle, back and side sections, the visibility of the entrance door to different parts of the house is minimized and also the privacy is increased by increasing the depth and caution index in traditional open house he does. http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/19962Privacy Traditional houses of Mazandaran Outdoor Space Syntax TechniqueperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studies, Iraninan Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR)مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی2228-639X2980-94282022-0212447588articlemojtaba sabourisabouri.mo1986@gmail.com1Rahim Sarvarsarvarh83@gmail.com2Hamidreza Joudakijoodaki@iiau.ac.ir3fatemeh adibi sadi nezhadgeo_adibi@yahoo.com4PhD Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran.Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Iran.Human impact on the environment is based on worldview or philosophy of life; hence, the construction and formation of the city in human civilization has always expressed the ideology and worldview of those societies; therefore, in different geographical environments, we see cities with different roles and importance and with uncoordinated and heterogeneous growth. It has become the most severe form and the inability of urban environments to respond to the problems created, has caused cities to be constantly exposed to the uneven growth of cities and the influx of urban land uses. The descriptive nature is analytical. The purpose of studying and researching the factors affecting the metropolitan area of Tehran from the perspective of the Iranian-Islamic city, the historical trend and its prolongation for more than a few decades has led to the destruction of Tehran. The statistical population of this study 40 of them are 15 experts of the General Directorate of Privacy and the rest are experts, experts and specialists in research. The examined criteria include physical, economic, social, natural and managerial factors with specific sub-criteria, which are sub-criteria. And then in MIC MAC software as a matrix MDI, MPDI, MII, MPII are analyzed. The results show that the most direct and direct potential impact, potential indirect and indirect effects, are related to land use change with rank (473). The lowest direct, potential direct effects, and potential indirect and indirect effects are related to the finite topography with rank (267) and (465) the lowest is for agricultural lands, wetlands with rank (224). http://iic.ihss.ac.ir/Article/32042Urban space Futures Studies Tehran Metropolis MIC MAC