مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوری مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی 2228-639X 14 53 2024 10 1 The Effect of Biophilic Architecture on Physical-Environmental Resilience of Residential Complexes Case Example: Tehran International Residential Tower تأثیر معماری بیوفیلیک در تاب‌آوری کالبدی- محیطی مجتمع‌های مسکونی (نمونه موردی: مجتمع مسکونی برج بین‌المللی تهران) 59 74 fa نگین سادات مقدسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک مرجان خان محمدی هنر اصفهان حمیدرضا صارمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس مهدی حقیقت بین دانشگاه تربیت مدرس 2024 6 1  The Effect of Biophilic Architecture on Physical-Environmental   Resilience of Residential Complexes Case Example:   Tehran International Residential Tower                                                                                          Negin Sadat Moghadasi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>    Marjan Khanmohamadi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>    Hamidreza Saremi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>,    Mahdi Haghighatbin<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>       In the new designs of the complexes, an attempt is made to use nature-friendly architectural patterns such as biophilic architecture in order to make the living space more desirable. In this research, the main goal is to improve the resilience of residential complexes using biophilic architectural patterns. The method of this research is a descriptive-analytical type, which was assessed through a questionnaire from residents and businesses. The findings show that the most important influencing components in physical-environmental resilience include "open spaces", "land-substrate and density", "access", "green spaces", "facilities and buildings", "property of uses". and "thermal comfort".The results of the questionnaires were analyzed with Python analysis, and as a result, biophilic design patterns and solutions that this approach, such as the use of green space, water, thermal balance, modification of climatic conditions, paying attention to the role of plants and nature in buildings and so on. .. was suggested.       Keywords: physical-environmental resilience, residential tower, biophilic architecture, Tehran International Tower.       Introduction    The close relationship between man and nature is inevitable in the field of human life. The more man's control over nature has increased, this connection has become weaker; So that in today's world, many mental and psychological problems of humans are caused by this separation. Architects and designers of the modern era have made this relationship less by building environments far from nature. The problem of being away from nature can be seen in the current buildings of Tehran. Although these buildings were built at different times and with different motivations and in different patterns, but according to the economic, political and social conditions governing the society and the housing sector, they do not necessarily have all the criteria for creating a desirable residential environment (Azizi and Mohammadnejad, 2016). In traditional architecture, the building can be covered with plants to create a green building, but in biophilic architecture, such a thing cannot happen, in this architecture, the form (shape) must interpret a large process and have many objective and subjective parameters.   "14 Biophilic Design Patterns", proposes the relationships between nature, human biology and environmental design in such a way that biophilic human benefits are experienced in design applications. (Browning, Hon. AIA, 2014: 3). This research, with the aim of promoting biophilic resilience in residential complexes in Tehran, examines and studies the resilience index in the example of Tehran Tower residential complex based on the opinions of residents and based on biophilic architecture, and raises the following main question:   -How can the physical-environmental resilience of Tehran Tower residential complex be strengthened by using the principles and elements of biophilic architecture?   And other questions are as follows:   - What is the current level of resilience of Tehran Tower residential complex?   - What are the suggested models of biophilic architecture in strengthening physical-environmental resilience?       Research Methodology   The approach of this research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of method and nature. The methods of data collection at the macro level are through reference to scientific documents and texts. At the micro level, the method of experimental collection is the survey with questionnaire tools and mental maps of citizens and the collection of physical-environmental characteristics of the residential complex under study by trained researchers and observers. be The results of the questionnaire are determined by examining the results with existing theoretical foundations and Python analysis of the obtained data.       findings   By analyzing the results obtained from the questionnaires, it can be stated in Table 4:       Table 4: Physical-environmental resilience indicators   in the residential tower of Tehran Tower   <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 488.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black;" border="1" width="651" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Physical-environmental resilience indicators </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Response percentage </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> Check the answers </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> The state of the spaces (green space/open space) </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> The desirability of the spaces is 52.31% (high) / 34.62% (moderate) Favorability according to the year of construction 43.08% (high) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> Examining the answers shows that the desirability of the space has a direct and meaningful relationship with the continuation of residence, interest in residence and participation in meetings in this place. Also, in relation to the level of security and participation in meetings, it makes the spaces desirable, but it is average. - In relation to public spaces, such as green space, interior spaces, the entrance of the towers, all are in an average and favorable condition. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Incompatible uses </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Service centers 55.38% (moderate) / health and treatment centers 50.77% (high) Educational centers 56.15% (average) / uses inside the complex 52.31% (average) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> The answers show that the number of service uses in this complex is very low and according to the amount of residents of this tower, its uses are inconsistent. - The uses that exist in the complex have been able to respond to the needs of the residents of the complex to an average extent, the variety of these uses is very small and it meets a part of the basic needs. - The amount of variety of uses is very small considering the number of units in this complex. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Ground and density </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Built density 47.69% (low) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - The density built around the building is medium and low, and the entrance of the towers is in such a way that the density and the entrances are favorable; Because the area is completely private. The area intended for this complex is such that it provides enough space for the residents of the complex. - The streets around the complex have very low density in terms of density. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Building resistance </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> The desirability of the spaces is 52.31% (high) / 34.62% (moderate) Favorability according to the year of construction 43.08% (high) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - Regarding the resistance of the building, it can depend on many factors, one of them is related to the equipment and their up-to-dateness. - The sense of security in this complex is very high, and the presence of security and control system has caused the amount of crime in this part to be insignificant, but due to the traffic of people in the areas of the towers, sometimes the security of the complex is in trouble. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> access </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Access ways to parking lots 44.62% (a lot)/ Escape ways 57.69% (a lot) Access to police force and fire brigade 60% (average) / access to park and green space 53.08% (average) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - Due to its location next to the main highway of Hakim, Kurdistan and near the Hemet highway, this complex makes it easy to access other parts of the city. For this reason, the level of access is shown in the answers at a high level and is directly related to the desirability. -According to the answers received, the access to the parking lots of this complex is also desirable and the escape routes are also average. The degree of correlation between access to parking and escape routes and utility is appropriate. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> ownership </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> The desirability of the spaces is 52.31% (high) / 34.62% (moderate) Favorability according to the year of construction 43.08% (high) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - Most of the people living in this complex are owners and a small percentage are tenants. People who live in this complex have a moderate desire to move. - By examining the answers, it shows that people have a direct relationship with the desirability of the space and the feeling of living and continuing it. </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 7.4pt;"> <td style="width: 85.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="114"> Facilities and facilities </td> <td style="width: 117.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="156"> Equipment and infrastructure 48.46% (too much) </td> <td style="width: 285.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;" width="381"> - The facilities and facilities of these towers were repaired and modified since the year of construction, and the facilities and repairs unit located in this tower made them solve their facility problems in the shortest possible time. According to the answers given, the equipment and infrastructure are at an optimal level. - In the correlation diagram, there is a high correlation between up-to-date facilities and equipment and equipment for the disabled, and it shows the level of satisfaction of the residents. - There is a normal relationship between the up-to-dateness of the equipment and the interest of the residents to continue living, which indicates that it causes the satisfaction of the residents. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>       Using Python analysis, the questionnaire data and the slope of the obtained line as well as their coefficients, we can draw the final form of the regression, and the black dots that are located in the upper part of the blue surface are weak points in resilience and indicate that this complex has low resilience.   Conclusion   The proposed patterns based on biophilic architecture to increase the resilience of this tower are as follows:   1. Open space: improving the use of plants and green spaces in complexes (in entrance spaces, play spaces, common spaces) / designing a green roof for the use of residents / using seasonal plants to show the changes of the seasons.   2. Green space: improving the use of plants and green space in complexes (in entrance spaces, play spaces, common spaces) / designing green roofs for the use of residents / using seasonal plants to show the changes of seasons / using green walls in interior decoration, Such as the entrance of houses, the entrance spaces of elevators, lobby, etc. / Using water and aromatic plants on the terrace / Using water in different spaces next to the plants and creating the sound of water / Using pots and houseplants on the terraces.   3. Appropriation of uses: the access to service centers, healthcare and educational centers is about 50%. The uses inside the complex are also desirable, the variety of uses is high.    4. Thermal comfort: use of natural ventilation using water and plants / use of natural light in the design of units / temperature and thermal balance / presence of green spaces for air conditioning and reducing air temperature / use of large and opening windows for better ventilation of units / The presence of water to touch and hear creates a feeling of relaxation / Creating suitable canopies to regulate the presence of light   5. Land-substrate-density: geographical relationship with place/historical relationship with place/ecological relationship with place/native materials   6. Facilities and buildings: use of natural patterns in construction / use of natural materials / attention to air conditioning and thermal comfort / use of native and organic forms   7. Access: creating a green access road to the parking lots/ easy access to the main roads In the end, it can be stated that with the biophilic architecture models presented to improve resilience and the final model of biophilic architecture models proposed to improve physical-environmental resilience (Figure 4) which was mentioned in the findings section, the level of resilience in residential complexes such as Tehran Tower can be increase and improve interest in living in them. These patterns can be used in the design of other residential complexes to achieve resilient residential complexes.       References   Esfandiari Sedek, Razieh, Karimi, Mehrdad, Daneshgar Moghadam, Golrokh, )1395(, evaluation of collective feeling in residential complexes (case study: Saeedieh residential complex, Tehran, Hoyt Shahr magazine, number twenty-seven, year 10, autumn 1395, pp. 41-52.   Bitraf, Ehsan, Habib, Farah, Zabihi, Hossein (2017) Localization of ecological and biophilic architectural principles in the design of residential complexes in Iran in order to improve their quality, Shahri Management Journal, No. 52, Autumn 2017, pp. 205-218 .   Ainifar, Alireza, Ghazizadeh, Seyedah Neda (2009) Typology of residential complex in Tehran with open space criteria, Armanshahr theory, number 5, year 2009, pp. 35-45.   Browning, Hon. AIAWilliam & Et al. (2014), 14. patterns of biophiliC design Improving Health And Well-Being In The Built environment, Terrapin Bright Green LLC, New York NY | Washington DC.   Browning WD, Ryan CO, Clancy JO (2014) 14 Patterns of biophilic design. New York: Terrapin Bright Green LLC.   Kellert, Stephen R. & [others]. (2008), Biophilic Design: The theory, Science, and practice of Bringing Building. <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> PhD Student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. <a href="mailto:Negin_moghadasi@yahoo.com">Negin_moghadasi@yahoo.com</a> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Khanmohamadi.marjan@kiau.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning and Urban Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Saremi@modares.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">****</a> Associate professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Haghighatbin@modares.ac.ir </div> </div>    در دنیای حاضر، دوری انسان&zwnj;ها از محیط&zwnj;های طبیعی و همچنین شهر&zwnj;نشینی باعث مشکلات فراوانی برای ساکنین شهرها شده به طوری که در طراحی&zwnj;های نوین مجتمع&zwnj;ها سعی بر آن است که از الگوهای معماری دوستدار طبیعت مانند معماری بیوفیلیک استفاده شود تا بتوان فضای زندگی را مطلوب تر نمود. در این پژوهش هدف اصلی ارتقا تاب&zwnj;آوری مجتمع&zwnj;های مسکونی با استفاده از الگوهای معماری بیوفیلیک می&zwnj;باشد. روش این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است که از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه&zwnj;ای، شاخص&zwnj;های مربوط به این نوع تاب&zwnj;آوری استخراج و توسط اساتید و تیم خبرگان اعتبار سنجی شد و از طریق پرسشنامه از ساکنین و کسبه مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. یافته&zwnj;ها نشان می&zwnj;دهد، مهمترین مولفه&zwnj;های تاثیر&zwnj;گذار در تاب&zwnj;آوری کالبدی –محیطی شامل، «فضاهای باز»، «زمین- بستر و تراکم»، «دسترسی»، «فضاهای سبز»، «امکانات و ساختمان&zwnj;ها»، «تناسب کاربری&zwnj;ها» و «آسایش حرارتی» می&zwnj;باشند. نتایج حاصل از پرسشنامه&zwnj;ها با تحلیل پایتون مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در نتیجه الگوهای طراحی بیوفیلیک و راه حل&zwnj;هایی که این رویکرد، مواردی همچون استفاده از فضای سبز، آب، تعادل حرارتی، اصلاح شرایط اقلیمی، توجه به نقش گیاه و طبیعت در ساختمان&zwnj;ها و ... جهت بهبود وضع موجود تاب&zwnj;آوری کالبدی- محیطی در مجتمع مسکونی برج بین&zwnj;المللی تهران پیشنهاد گردید.

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