مرور پارامترهای طراحی پوسته ساختمان در جهت کاهش مصرف انرژی (نمونه موردی: بنا‌های مسکونی متداول منطقه 15)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات محله در شهرهای ایرانی اسلامی
رضا سلیمی گرگری
1
(دانشجوی دکتری معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران)
سید مجید مفیدی شمیرانی
2
(استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران)
هانیه صنایعیان
3
(استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران)
کلید واژه: پوسته ساختمان, تیپولوژی, بار گرمایشی, مصرف انرژی, نمای پایدار.,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به نقش کلیدی نمای ساختمان به عنوان پوسته و تأثیرات آن بر کیفیت فضاهای داخلی و مصرف انرژی، بهینه سازی نما در فرآیند طراحی یک ساختمان بسیار حائز اهمیت است. از سوی دیگر با توجه به چالش‌ها و پیچیدگی روش‌های سنتی بهینه‌سازی، استفاده از روش‌های نوین برای ارزیابی در مراحل ابتدایی طراحی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. شناسایی راهکارها و استراتژیهای بهینه سازی پارامترهای طراحی پوسته ساختمان، به معماران این امکان را می‌دهد که در همان مراحل اولیه طراحی تأثیر به سزایی در رفتار حرارتی ساختمان داشته باشند. مقاله حاضر یک مرور جامع با تأکید بر مطالعات انجام شده در سال‌های اخیر در زمینه پوسته ساختمان و پارامترهای مؤثر بر رفتار حرارتی داخل بناست و بخشی از تحقیقات گسترده‌تری است که هدف آن ارائه راهکارهای طراحی برای کاهش مصرف انرژی در نماها می‌باشد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق مطالعه مروری بر تمام منابع موجود در این زمینه می‌باشد و در این راستا، پارامترهای کالبدی نما بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده، مورد بررسی سیستماتیک قرار گرفته است و پس بررسی و مرورو دقیق مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه، پارامترهای تأثیر‌گذار در پوسته ساختمان بر رفتار حرارتی داخلی بنا، استخراج و دسته‌بندی شده‌اند. در مرحله اول، با بررسی منابع مرتبط و مطالعات مشابه، پارامترهای کالبدی نما به صورت کامل بررسی شده است و در بخش دوم تیپ‌های مختلف نماها در منطقه 15 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.. نقشه GIS منطقه با دقت بررسی شده و تیپ‌های مختلف نماها به روش میدانی استخراج شده‌اند. سپس با در نظر گرفتن طول نماهای یکسان، بر اساس نقشه و فضاهای موجود در نماهای اصلی، بناها دسته‌بندی شده و گونه‌های نهایی مشخص می‌شوند.
The quality of the internal spaces and the impacts it has on the building's energy consumption depend critically on the right and optimal design of the building facade, which plays a significant function as the structure's envelope.Taking into account the facade's crucial function as the building's outer shell on On the other hand, new evaluation methods that designers and architects can utilize in the early stages of design must be replaced due to the time-consuming and challenging existing methods of optimization. The building's exterior envelope has an impact on both the outside environment and the urban environment in addition to shielding the inside environment from outside environmental conditions. Walls, ceilings, windows, doors, and other building elements are among its many parts. The goal of the current study is to create a thorough taxonomy of local structures while also examining the impact of building facade factors on their thermal behavior and energy usage. For this reason, the anatomical parameters of the façade are thoroughly studied in the first step by methodically studying sources and comparable research, and then the various types of facades in area 15 are examined. It should be noted that this article is only the first of a thorough investigation into facade design alternatives for energy consumption reduction. Following the completion of the investigations, the area's GIS map was extensively analyzed, and various and typical types were extracted using a field approach. According to the results of the field research and the components of the facade covering, the average area, orientation, length-to-width ratio, and frequency of parts are examined. The final types are extracted in the second stage after the buildings with the same length of view are classified in accordance with the map and the locations of the spaces in the main view.
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