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Open Access Article
1 - Cultural Analysis of Space in In Kurdish Residential Architecture; Case Study: Traditional Houses in Mukrian (The City of Sardasht)
Elham Rashidzadeh Foad HabibiSpace is one of the most important architectural issue whose form, structure and organization are directly related to culture. In fact, the aspects and components of culture in the built environment are appear in the form of space. It can be said that architecture organ MoreSpace is one of the most important architectural issue whose form, structure and organization are directly related to culture. In fact, the aspects and components of culture in the built environment are appear in the form of space. It can be said that architecture organizes the social and cultural laws inherent in customs and habits through the language of physical appearance and space. Therefore, the way of organization, order and type of spaces, in addition to representing the cultural background and identity of residents, also affects the social structure of the user of the space. The main purpose of this study is investigateting the nature of residential architecture in the region of Kurdistan Makri (Mokrian), with emphasis on the characteristics and features of the architectural space and how it is organized and arranged from the perspective of culture. To achieve this goal, using a qualitative method of ethnography, the totality of Kurdish culture is based on more tangible variables that affect the architectural space (lifestyle, family structure, gender role (status of women), privacy and the process of social relations) in the relationship with the shape of houses has been investigated. Architectural data collection (planning, sketching and photography) using the field method in relation to the shape of traditional houses (urban houses) in Sardasht, located in northwestern Iran, as a general example and studies of urban housing and verancular architecture The Kurdish region of Mokrian has been done. Therefore, in order to analyze the spatial structure, the space layout pattern and their diagram were drawn using Agraph software. Then, the correlation indices, Relative Asymmetry, Mean depth Cv (control) of the spaces were analyzed using mathematical relationships of spacetime for each sample. The general results of the research show that the traditional architecture of Mokrian region is a combination of introverted and extroverted architecture. In the urban houses of this region, the issue of privacy has a complex structure due to the specific culture of the Kurds, and most of the spaces have a public dimension. The status and position of women in the house and family system in terms of the number of spouses is very important in the way of space organization that reflects behaviors derived from their culture, local customs and social structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Cultural Sustainability, Density and Housing Typology; Case study : Residential Areas of Tabriz Metropolis
Islam Karami Mojtaba Rafieian Ali Javan Frozandeh Roshanak SakhiniaBy drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theor MoreBy drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theoretical and practical domains and bring it together with the complex and practical concept of physical density(with quantitative nature). In doing so, this study attempts to find strategies to guarantee the perpetual presence of culture in contemporary cities and particularly in residential setups (with qualitative/quantitative nature). The Spacemate is a tool based on the relation between density and structural forms in any scale under study which can assist architects, planners, and urban designers in their decision-making and design projects, where four quantitative indices of density can get involved simultaneously. In this study, not only this tool would be examined in relation to sustainability but also it will be used as a method in defining the relation between the types and sustainability itself. After a brief review on the related literature in three fields of typology, density and cultural sustainability, the study attempts to clarify the relationship between these three fields and the definition of qualitative indices, cultural sustainability and quantitative indices of physical density which relate to different types of residences. A typological approach to the issue of housing with regards to cultural debates can be instrumental because while proposing solutions and programming it can indicate which specific types are to be supported and which types to be prevented or restricted. In order to extract the dimensions and indices of cultural sustainability, qualitative concepts of residential sustainability in the domain of culture was surveyed and by utilizing the Delphi method, during two stages, the questionnaires completed by tens of experts in the field were assessed and selected. From among these concepts, six were detected as the most important concepts and were used during the analysis. Eleven samples from various points of residential spaces in the city of Tabriz were selected for the analysis as representatives of the different types while considering the geographical and cultural distribution of the city. After calculation and statistical analysis of the data, the degree of cultural sustainability of each sample was transferred to Spacemate and was interpreted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of walkability criteria in the old neighborhoods of Isfahan Case study: Sang-tarash-ha neighborhood
Islam Karami Ehsan AbbasieWith the development of industry and the invention of cars, the walkability has lost its pivotal role in the design of urban spaces, and this has caused the spatial quality of public areas and sidewalks to be reduced compared to before. It seems that investigating examp MoreWith the development of industry and the invention of cars, the walkability has lost its pivotal role in the design of urban spaces, and this has caused the spatial quality of public areas and sidewalks to be reduced compared to before. It seems that investigating examples of existing urban spaces that are still attracting the Pedestrian population in field of walkability quality and investigation of the relationship between these components, provides the community with appropriate models for improving walkable neighborhoods. This research seeks to answer the question of which of the factors has caused the attraction of the pedestrian population in this neighborhood as a case study of this research. The aim of this study has been to investigate the walkability criteria in Sang-tarash-ha neighborhood by descriptive-analytical method using a questionnaire for simple image sampling. Quantitative analysis of the questionnaire data as well as qualitative conversion into quantitative components has been done by SPSS software. Concurrent by testing the research hypothesis, the degree of correlation and relationship between components has been investigated by Pearson and Regression tests. The results show that, there is a linear relationship between walkability components other than urban self-reliance. In terms of quality, the component of providing security and safety had the highest-grade point average among the walkability components so it can be concluded that attention to pedestrian security and safety in the physical design of the streets of this neighborhood is the greatest factor of the strong presence of pedestrians during the years of life of this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Reading Spaces Based on Michel Foucault Theory of Power-Space; Case Study of Naghsh e Jahan Square in Safavid Era
samar haghighi brojeni Seyed Abash Agha Yazdanfar Mostafa BehzadfarSpace is a multi-dimensional concept that is at once economic, political, semiotic and experiential, and in this sense it is an integral component of social interaction and an indispensable vector for critical theories. After 1980’s knowledge of space has become critica MoreSpace is a multi-dimensional concept that is at once economic, political, semiotic and experiential, and in this sense it is an integral component of social interaction and an indispensable vector for critical theories. After 1980’s knowledge of space has become critical to understanding the production and transformation of power relations, and in this regard the built environment is an important concept for any endeavor in social analysis. This paper explores the possibilities for development of social theories of space-power based on the theories of Michelde Foucault, coupled with methods of content analysis of urban spaces.The aim of this article is to explore how political poweris constructed in urban spaces, and how these construction processes might be conceptualised and analysed. The paper begins by exploring the Foucault theories of power-space to analyse and interpret the relationship between urban space and political power: how political powers implement to shape urban spaces, and improve their authority and legitimacy through spaces, in turn. These strategies can be defined in spatial technologies through founding of spatial structural and functional principles.Grounded on this analythical and interpretative study of Foucault theories of space and power relations, this paper seeks to demonstrate a conceptual framework which can be adapted to urban spaces content analyzing. The achievement of this research is to develop an appendant analysing method to elaborate a tool for the meaning analysis of spaces in architecture and urban design studies. This methodology is applied in a case study sample. The main strategies which are explored in the theoretical-based part of this study are tested in Naghsh e Jahan Squere’, a historic squerein the city of Isfahan, during Safavid era, specially the reign of Shah Abbas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The physical-spatial structure analysis of the social classes houses in Oil company town “Abadan” during the boom of the oil industry, with the method of space syntax
Golzar Yonesi Maryam Armaghan Mohamad Javad SaghafiThe large consumption of oil for energy has had important implications for urban development and globalization in the twentieth century. One of them was the creation of a company town and, consequently, new physical and spatial forms of housing in them. Much of this has MoreThe large consumption of oil for energy has had important implications for urban development and globalization in the twentieth century. One of them was the creation of a company town and, consequently, new physical and spatial forms of housing in them. Much of this has been done by British government, in the exploitation of oil and, consequently, the creation of the Oil Company town. Separated social classes based on social status and the special architecture associated with it are prominent features of the Oil Company town. The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the physical-spatial structure of the allocated spaces to each social class and compare changes in these existing social structures in “Abadan”, Is done by space syntax method.we used the qualitative, descriptive-analytical research method, and finally the logical reasoning based on statistical and quantitative data. Depth map software, in items such as depth, integeration, connectivity,control and distribution, have been used in the selected plans of each class. The results and findings comparatively show the adaptation of the social structure to the architecture structure. In these structures, from the working class to the lesser masters, the structure has moved towards extroversion and fundamental change with its traditional form, and the separation and classification of spaces and the creation of spatial hierarchy, as well as individualism and privacy, in the working class to the bosses, according to the data. Software and analytics have increased step by step, and as of today, existing homes are getting closer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Recognition of the location of holy shrines in the structure of the city and its effects on the formation of religious rituals (Case study: Shrine of Ali Ibn Mahziar in Ahvaz)
Mohammad ebrahim Mazhari Fattemeh Poodat Hadi SoltanifardHolding rituals in the city is a reflection of collective life that strengthens social connectivity. Sacred places and shrines are an influential element in the construction and interconnectedness of Iranian cities. Religious shrines are the gathering places of differen MoreHolding rituals in the city is a reflection of collective life that strengthens social connectivity. Sacred places and shrines are an influential element in the construction and interconnectedness of Iranian cities. Religious shrines are the gathering places of different groups of people which link the flow of ceremonies and rituals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of Ali Ibn Mahziar’s tomb in the physical-spatial structure of Ahvaz and its effect on the formation of religious rituals, especially the mourning ceremonies of Tasua and Ashura within Ahvaz. This research is of descriptive-analytical type and employs methods of observation and field perceptions as well as reviewing the results of spatial arrangement analysis and graph modelling in order to study the adaptation of currents related to religious rites (for the movement of mourning delegations) and the existing city structure and especially the location of the shrine of Ali ibn Mahziar. Therefore, after field surveys, initial modelling was performed using graph theory approach and data analysis with centrality index and BC and DC scales, and then applying integration, connectivity and choice, space syntax analysis of Ahvaz city was implemented. The results show that the shrine of Ali ibn Mahziar plays a central role in attracting mourners from different parts of the city and strengthening social interactions and the presence of citizens. The focal position of the shrine in the configuration of the city reveals the close relation of this effective spatial element with the social patterns of the city, which over time, despite the changes, is still at the center of rituals and social interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating privacy in the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran using space syntax technique
Rouhollah Rahimi Seyed Mohsen Moosavi Mahdieh Beyshami Sahar Amini GoharriziHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definit MoreHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definitions of our daily lives have changed. A concept that is still firmly preserved is the concept of human privacy. Traditional Iranian architects have tried to design houses while maintaining the principles of privacy in open and closed spaces of houses, but over time, with the growth of apartment living, development of construction technology and the integration of Western culture with Iranian-Islamic culture, observance of privacy in homes, especially in open spaces, has declined. Mazandaran province is one of the regions that has undergone many inappropriate construction changes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and knowledge of the components affecting the syntax of space on the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran. This study seeks to find physical patterns of privacy in the open spaces of Mazandaran houses by extracting patterns of privacy in Mazandaran houses. In this research, first, through field studies, patterns are found and then, using the space syntax technique and Depthmap software, the indices of depth, connection and interconnection and isoust in the building will be studied. The results of the present study showed that open space has an important and fundamental role on the level of spatial privacy and also the geometry and location of the yard relative to the building has a double effect on the visibility of observers to different spaces of the house. In such a way that the yards that have irregular geometry and are located in the middle, back and side sections, the visibility of the entrance door to different parts of the house is minimized and also the privacy is increased by increasing the depth and caution index in traditional open house he does. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Codification of a theoretical model for the production of spiritual-led urban space in an Iranian-Islamic city, Based on grounded theory method (case study: the central part of Mashhad)
farzaneh madani mojtaba Rafieian afsoon mahdavi Fatemeh Mohammadniai GharaeiUrban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be s MoreUrban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be seen in the interventions made in contexts of special identity, such as Mashhad, which is in serious conflict with the issues of sustainability and its three dimensions. Against these challenges, spiritual-led urbanism and the need to identification its indicators in contemporary urban planning in order to balance the current vicious cycle seem necessary. The increasing trend of researches in this field by reputable scientific centers shows the need to apply this concept more and more in the scale of contemporary urban planning. This research aims to provide a spatial reading of the indicators of the production of spiritual-led urban space in contemporary urban planning in line with the adjustment of the current cycle, with the aim of compiling effective spatial components in this process. In terms of the goal, this research is among developmental and qualitative research that was conducted with the grounded theory method. The statistical community includes experts and key informants (21 individual interviews and 2 group interviews) who were selected as the sample size using the purposeful sampling method. The findings of the research are the identification of 23 indicators in the form of 8 main dimensions, including space syntax, role-playing, symbolism, sustainability, and justice, security, and management structure and Contemporizationof theoretical knowledge. The achievement of this research is placing a balancing concept in the cycle of space production, which will reduce the ambiguities and shortcomings of the urban planning system, especially in cities with the support of spiritual identity, by structuring effective spatial components in the production of spiritual-led space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of histrocial and futuristic factors affecting the privacy of Iranian Islamic cities; Case study of Tehran metropolitan area
mojtaba sabouri Rahim Sarvar Hamidreza Joudaki fatemeh adibi sadi nezhadHuman impact on the environment is based on worldview or philosophy of life; hence, the construction and formation of the city in human civilization has always expressed the ideology and worldview of those societies; therefore, in different geographical environments, we MoreHuman impact on the environment is based on worldview or philosophy of life; hence, the construction and formation of the city in human civilization has always expressed the ideology and worldview of those societies; therefore, in different geographical environments, we see cities with different roles and importance and with uncoordinated and heterogeneous growth. It has become the most severe form and the inability of urban environments to respond to the problems created, has caused cities to be constantly exposed to the uneven growth of cities and the influx of urban land uses. The descriptive nature is analytical. The purpose of studying and researching the factors affecting the metropolitan area of Tehran from the perspective of the Iranian-Islamic city, the historical trend and its prolongation for more than a few decades has led to the destruction of Tehran. The statistical population of this study 40 of them are 15 experts of the General Directorate of Privacy and the rest are experts, experts and specialists in research. The examined criteria include physical, economic, social, natural and managerial factors with specific sub-criteria, which are sub-criteria. And then in MIC MAC software as a matrix MDI, MPDI, MII, MPII are analyzed. The results show that the most direct and direct potential impact, potential indirect and indirect effects, are related to land use change with rank (473). The lowest direct, potential direct effects, and potential indirect and indirect effects are related to the finite topography with rank (267) and (465) the lowest is for agricultural lands, wetlands with rank (224). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the factors affecting on the perception of the sense of spirituality in mosques
shideh parto vida norouz borazjani shervin mirshahzadehThe mosque is one of the most important and special buildings of Muslims in Islamic countries and the introduction of new theoretical fields into architecture, such as the subject of the atmosphere, opens new windows for designers, which may be able to cover what has be MoreThe mosque is one of the most important and special buildings of Muslims in Islamic countries and the introduction of new theoretical fields into architecture, such as the subject of the atmosphere, opens new windows for designers, which may be able to cover what has been lacking in recent years in the design and construction of mosques. This study is formed by asking the question what are the effective components on creating the spiritual atmosphere of mosques from the perspective of the audience and its purpose is to read the atmosphere of contemporary mosques in Tehran based on the lived experience of audiences. The research method is based on the Grounded theory and the analyzes is based on the systematic coding method of Strauss and Corbin with the help of Max QD software.In order to measure the extracted components, six mosques in the contemporary geography of Tehran were selected and paired analysis and comparison on the parameters of the studied samples was done by an expert questionnaire by Expert Choice software.The most important findings and conclusions of the research show that the spiritual atmosphere of mosques, based on the lived experience of the audience, is influenced by 9 main components. Each has its own weight value. Among the found components, proportions are in the first rank and the components of light, sound, color, materials, decorations, access and position are in the next ranks, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of social logic governing the body of space in the historical-cultural context of Boshrouyeh in the Qajar era with a syntactic approach
saeede pourabedini abed taghavi hasan hashemi zarj abadWhat is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of inf MoreWhat is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of infrastructure and urban facilities on the localities has resulted in preventing the establishment of social inequalities and consequently spatial inequality and spatial inequality in the areas that have influence on the function of spatial and spatial configuration of cities in the context of time and space. The aim of this research is to read the Integration spatial behavior between man and the environment in the historical context of the city of Beshravieh in the Qajar period, which has become the basis for the emergence of spatial organization and social logic of space and correlation in the physical-functional structure of the neighborhoods of this city.The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The theoretical information of the research has been collected from the method of library studies and using the findings, documents and documents of the cultural heritage of Beshravieh city. And in order to read the social logic of the space governing the spatial body of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh city, two quantitative guidelines (relationships, indicators of space syntax) and qualitative (idea of space syntax) existing in the theory of space arrangement have been used.According to the theory of space syntax, what was the role of physical-functional factors in shaping and developing the social logic of the space of Beshravieh city in the Qajar era? The results of the research show: the building elements of the physical structure of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh in the Qajar era were formed in order to meet the needs of the residents of the neighborhoods and in order to preserve and strengthen its cultural-social identity. And they have also been responsible for creating correlation between the physical elements of the neighborhoods. The achievement of this spatial order is the existence of spatial unity in the whole and its function in the minuscule. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Introducing the Transcendent Perceptual Process In order to perceived the Aesthetic Quality of Space (Combining the Viewpoints of New Sciences and Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Theosophy)
sara daneshmand Kaveh FattahiIn the field of art and architecture, aesthetic quality as one of the types of qualities has been considered in old and new researches. Although today, in the studies of urban planning and architecture, efforts have been made to understand the aesthetic quality of space MoreIn the field of art and architecture, aesthetic quality as one of the types of qualities has been considered in old and new researches. Although today, in the studies of urban planning and architecture, efforts have been made to understand the aesthetic quality of space and how to perceive it using the term atmosphere, but in the texts of Islamic sages and philosophers, no separate treatise has been written on this topic, and researchers in the old texts and the new ones have used many and sometimes inconsistent expressions. Also, no consensus has been reached in expressing its perceptual processes. Therefore, the research introduces the framework of transcendent perceptual process and its details, by correlating the expressions used in modern sciences and Islamic sciences with the help of Mullah Sadra's Transcendent Theosophy. The descriptive-analytical study first describes the viewpoints of three generations of theorists, then analyses them, and finally combines the viewpoints of new researchers and the Transcendent Theosophy to provide a comprehensive innovative framework. The results of the work include the identification of 5 depths for the perceptual process, providing a triple model to express the quality of the perceptual process with the terms used by previous scholars, and also extracting the framework of the transcendent perceptual process. This framework increases the ability of research in the interdisciplinary field, and where the range of words for communicating different sciences is wide, it creates a platform for the coordination of perceptual processes from the perspective of different sciences. Manuscript profile
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