مرور و تحلیلِ محتوای کیفی بنیان‌های نظری بازآفرینی شهری
محورهای موضوعی : آموزه‌های بهسازی و نوسازی در بافت های فرسوده شهری
احمد پوراحمد
1
(استاد گروه جغرافیا انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران )
اکبر حمیدی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران )
حسین حاتمی نژاد
3
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران )
سعید زنگنه شهرکی
4
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران )
کلید واژه: سیاست شهری, بازآفرینی شهری, الگوی نظری بازآفرینی شهری, تحلیل محتوای کیفی,
چکیده مقاله :
با آغاز قرن بیست‌و‌یکم، سیاست‌های مختلفی به منظور مدیریت پیچیدگی‌ها و عدم قطعیت سیستم‌های شهری، به‌ویژه در مقیاس کلانشهری اتخاذ گردیده که «بازآفرینی شهری» به‌عنوان سیاست معطوف به بافت‌های مرکزی- میانی و پهنه‌های ناکارآمد و فرسوده شهری، اهمیت انکارناپذیری در برنامه‌ریزی و مطالعات شهری یافته‌است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، مرور ادبیات، بسط نظری و ارائه الگوی مفهومی بازآفرینی شهری براساس رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی است که در وهله اول، بیش از 300 متن علمی در حوزة بازآفرینی شهری به‌صورت هدفمند مطالعه شد و پس از غربالگری نهایی، 73 منبع به‌عنوان متون منتخب مورد واکاوی محتوایی قرار گرفت. در گام دوم، مؤلفه‌ها و مقوله‌های مرتبط با متغیر اصلیِ تحقیق استخراج و دسته‌بندی گردید. براساس یافته‌های تحقیق، مقوله‌های عمدة بازآفرینی شهری عبارتند از: 1) اصول بازآفرینی شهری؛ 2) سیر تحول سیاست‌های بازآفرینی شهری؛ 3) استراتژی‌های بازآفرینی پایدار شهری؛ 4) چارچوب‌های ارزیابی بازآفرینی؛ 5) نظریه‌های پشتیبان بازآفرینی؛ و 6) بازآفرینی شهری مبتنی بر کاربری اراضی شهری. در نتیجه، با در نظرگرفتن مفاهیم نظری بسط‌یافته، الگو و مدل مفهومی بازآفرینی شهری ارائه گردید. شایان توجه است که در میان مقولات مزبور، مسئله بازآفرینی شهری با اتکای بر سیستم کاربری اراضی در مطالعات پژوهشی بیشتر مورد توجه بوده و سپس، مقولة استراتژی‌های بازآفرینی پایدار اولویت بیشتری دارد. در مقابل، بر بحث رویکردهای نظری پشتیبان بازآفرینی، سیرتحول سیاست بازآفرینی و چارچوب‌های ارزیابی آن نسبت به بقیه موضوعات مورد بررسی، کمتر تأکید شده‌است.
With the beginning of the twenty-first century, various policies have been adopted to manage the complexities and uncertainties of urban systems, especially in metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, Urban Regeneration (UR), as a policy focused on Inner-city, dysfunctional and rundown urban fabrics, has found an undeniable significance in urban planning and studies. Then, the main purpose of this research is to review, evaluate and investigate urban regeneration policy based on Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method. Firstly, more than 300 scientific and valid texts in the field of urban regeneration were purposefully studied. After the final screening, 73 sources were analyzed in a content way as a selected document. In the second step, components and indicators of research variables were extracted and categorized. Results represent that the core categories of urban regeneration are: 1) principles of urban regeneration; 2) timeline evolution of urban regeneration policies; 3) sustainable urban regeneration strategies; 4) assessment frameworks of regeneration; 5) guiding theories for regeneration; and 6) land use-led urban regeneration. As a result, the conceptual model of urban regeneration was presented by focusing on expanded theoretical concepts. Considering extracted categories, the land use-led urban regeneration indicator has been noticed more in research studies, and the category of sustainable regeneration strategies has been given more priority. In contrast, the discussion of regenerative support theories, regeneration policy timeline and its evaluation frameworks are less emphasized than other issues.
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